Self cleaning method of forming deep trenches in silicon substrates

ABSTRACT

This invention is directed to a method for etching films on semiconductor substrates and cleaning etch chambers. The method includes an improved processing sequence and cleaning method where residue formed from processing a previous substrate are cleaned by the etching process used to remove an exposed layer of material from the present substrate. The process provides improved substrate throughput by combining the step to clean residue from a previous substrate with an etch step conducted on the present substrate. Applicants have found the method particularly useful in processing structures such as DRAM stacks, especially where the residue is formed by a trench etched in the previous silicon substrate and the exposed layer etched from the present substrate is silicon nitride.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0001] 1. Field of the Invention

[0002] The present invention pertains to etching trenches in siliconsubstrates and cleaning processes to remove deposits from reactors usedin etching processes. The method of the invention is generallyapplicable to the etching of silicon, but is particularly useful in theetching of deep trenches. Silicon deep trench etching is most commonlyused in capacitor technology, in particular, in DRAM applications. Otherapplications for the present etching method include the etching ofshallow trenches used in applications such as device isolation; theetching of polysilicon gates; and the etching of silicide layers. Inaddition, the present etching method is useful in process sequencesutilized in the micro machining of silicon surfaces for biomedicalapplications, for example.

[0003] 2. Description of the Related Art

[0004] Although the silicon etching method of the present invention isuseful in a number of applications, as mentioned above, one of the mostimportant applications is the etching of high aspect ratio (over about20:1) trench capacitors used in DRAM applications. The profile of theetched trench must meet strictly defined industry standards. The currentspecification for a 256 Mb DRAM capacitor having a critical diameterranging from about 0.15 to about 0.38 μm calls for strict profile tapercontrol.

[0005] The development of manufacturing technology for fabrication ofthe trench structure 103 shown in FIG. 1C (and for silicon trenchstructures of the future) depends on development of a plasma etchtechnology which provides adequate selectivity for the silicon substrateover the patterning layer 108, the masking layer 106, and the dielectriclayer 104, while providing an economically feasible etch rate for thesilicon substrate layer 102, and enabling the necessary profile controlas the dimensions of trench 103 are reduced. Additionally, as newprofile control processes are developed, production worthy chambercleaning methods and chemistries must also be developed to ensureeconomically feasible substrate throughput.

[0006] The typical approach to forming deep trenches in a representativeDRAM stack (e.g., the DRAM stack 100 illustrated in FIG. 1A) isconducted in a linear fashion, first etch a via through the stack 100 tothe substrate surface 105 or a substrate open step, then etch the trench103. This division of the trench process led to process sequencesintended to optimize processing in each of these two divisions—substrateopen and trench etch.

[0007]FIG. 1A illustrates a portion of a representative structure 100useful in capacitor fabrication. Structure 100 includes a siliconsubstrate 102, a dielectric pad oxide layer 104, a masking layer or hardmask 106, and a patterning layer 108. Typically the dielectric pad oxidelayer is silicon dioxide, the masking layer is silicon nitride, and thepatterning layer material is borosilicate glass (BSG) or a silicon oxidedeposited using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), or a combinationthereof. In some applications, a dielectric Anti-Reflective Compound(ARC) layer such as siliconoxynitride may be used in combination withthe patterning layer.

[0008] Generally, trench formation production processes are accomplishedby having a chamber dedicated to the substrate open process and anotherchamber dedicated to the trench etch process. The number of chambersused for each process depends upon throughput considerations such as therelative duration of the etch processing cycles and cleaning cycles aswell as the specific dimension of the trench being formed and thethickness of the individual layers of structure 100.

[0009] A representative deep trench etch process will be described inrelation to a structure 100 where the thickness of the borosilicateglass patterning mask 108 is about 7,000 Å; the thickness of siliconnitride masking layer 106 is about 2,200 Å; the thickness of pad oxidedielectric layer 104 is about 80 Å. FIGS. 1A, 1B and 1C are not toscale. FIG. 1A illustrates a substrate having stack 100 as it is loadedinto the first processing chamber.

[0010] In the first processing chamber, which may be for example, aMagnetically Enhanced Reactive Ion Etch (MERIE) Chamber, or otherprocessing chamber suitable for conducting the substrate open process.Reactive gases are introduced and a plasma is formed to expose thesubstrate 102 top surface 105 by removing patterning layer 108, maskinglayer 106 and pad oxide layer 104. The mask is typically opened byplasma etch using CHF₃ and O₂ based chemistry. Typical etch rates forthis type of process are about 1 μm/minute. Periodic dry cleaning isconducted after processing about 100 wafers. In this example, about 9280Å of material is removed during the substrate open process.

[0011] During the etching processes, etchant residue (often referred toas a polymer) deposits on the walls and other component surfaces insidethe etching chamber. The composition of the etchant residue depends uponthe chemical composition of vaporized species of etchant gas, thematerial being etched, and the mask layer on the substrate. Thevaporized and gaseous species condense to form etchant residuecomprising polymeric byproducts composed of hydrocarbon species from theresist; gaseous elements such as fluorine, chlorine, oxygen, ornitrogen; and elemental silicon or metal species depending on thecomposition of the material being etched. The polymeric byproductsdeposit as thin layers of etchant residue on the walls and components inthe chamber. The composition of the etchant residue typically variesconsiderably across the chamber surface depending upon the compositionof the localized gaseous environment, the location of gas inlet andexhaust ports, and the geometry of the chamber. The compositionallyvariant, non-homogeneous, etchant residue formed on the etching chambersurfaces has to be periodically cleaned to prevent contamination of thesubstrate.

[0012] Typically, after processing the substrate open process on about100 wafers, an in-situ plasma “dry-clean” process is performed in anempty etching chamber to clean the chamber. Periodically, the chamber istaken out of service to conduct a wet clean to more completely removeprocessing residue.

[0013] After conducting the substrate open process, the substrate istransferred into the second processing chamber to conduct the trenchetch process. The second processing chamber may be any processingchamber suitable for etching deep trenches in substrates such as, forexample, a Decoupled Plasma Etch Reactor as manufactured by AppliedMaterials, Inc. of Santa Clara Calif. During the trench etch process, amixture of processes gases is introduced into the chamber and formedinto a plasma which is used to remove substrate material to form thetrench. A typical deep trench structure 103 is illustrated in FIG. 1C.The top portion 110 of the trench 103, which extends from the siliconsurface 105 into the silicon substrate 102 a depth 114 of about 1.5 μmis specified to taper at an angle of 88.5°±0.5°. The bottom portion 112of the trench 103, which extends beneath the top portion 110 for anadditional depth 116 of about 6.5 μm is specified to taper at an angleof 89.5°±0.5°. The bottom of the trench is illustrated as rounded butmay be bottle shaped rather than tapered.

[0014] Related U.S. patent application, Ser. No. 09/102,527, filed Jun.22, 1998, assigned to the assignee of the present invention, describes amethod for etching high aspect ratio trenches in silicon where at leasta portion of the silicon trench, particularly toward the bottom of thetrench, is etched using a combination of reactive gases includingfluorine-containing compound which does not contain silicon (FC); asilicon-containing compound (SC), which preferably also containsfluorine; and oxygen (O₂). The use of a fluorine-containing siliconcompound is preferred as a means of improving the etch rate and removingdebris from the etched surfaces, while providing supplemental siliconavailability for protection (passivation) of the etched mask sidewalland the upper etched portion of the trench, during etching of the bottomportion of the trench. The non-fluorine-containing source of silicon ispreferred when the desired trench profile requires additional protectionof the etched mask sidewall and the etched surface at the top of thetrench during etching the bottom portion of the trench.

[0015] The trench etch process may take as long as ten minutes tocomplete. While the combined fluorine containing gas, silicon containinggas, and oxygen plasma provides superior profile control for deeptrenches, the process creates deposits within the processing reactor.The degree of deposit accumulation is such that the reactor typicallyrequires cleaning after each substrate is processed. This cleaningprocess is conducted with a dummy substrate in the chamber and requiresabout 120 seconds to complete. As a result, the typical cycle time toetch a trench in a substrate is about one minute for substrate openprocess; about 10 minutes for trench formation, and about 2 minutes toclean the chamber after the trench etch.

[0016] Deposit accumulation during the trench etch process may bereduced by the introduction of cleaning gas into the plasma mixture(i.e. a self clean chemistry) or, as disclosed in U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 09/102,527, SiF₄ may be turned off during the last90 seconds of the trench process. However, these methods of depositreduction may have adverse impacts on the trench process. The additionof self-clean chemistry, while reducing accumulations, increases thenumber of process gases required to control and introduces complexitiesin the interactions between the various trench etch gases and theself-clean gases. Turning off SiF₄ during the last 90 seconds of thetrench etch may also negatively impact the hard mask layer since theSiF₄ reduces lateral erosion. As decreased device size leads to deepertrenches, the longer trench etch times needed for these deeper trenchesincreases the risk of lateral erosion. Thus, the reduced silicon gasspecies supplied to the chamber reduces accumulations at the possibleexpense of lateral mask erosion

[0017] Thus, what is needed is a method of etching trenches in siliconsubstrates, particularly in the formation of deep trenches, thatovercomes the shortcoming of the prior art and provides increasedthroughput.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0018] The present invention provides a method of etching a substrate inan etching chamber and cleaning off residues formed in the chamber. Inone aspect, the present invention provides a method of etching filmscomprising loading a substrate having an exposed layer into an etchreactor having deposits formed therein during an etch process conductedon another substrate; conducting another etch process on the loadedsubstrate that removes said exposed layer and said deposits; andconducting said an etch process on the loaded substrate.

[0019] These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the presentinvention will be better understood from the following drawings,description and appended claims, which illustrate examples of theinvention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] While the description and drawings below illustrate exemplaryfeatures of the invention, it is to be understood that each of thefeatures can be used in the invention in general, not merely in thecontext of the particular drawings, and the invention includes anycombination of these features.

[0021]FIG. 1a is a schematic cross-section of a substrate having padoxide layer, a hard mask layer and a pattern layer;

[0022]FIG. 1b is a schematic cross-section of the substrate of FIG. 1aafter performing a substrate open etch to remove a portion of thepatterning, mask and pad oxide layers;

[0023]FIG. 1c is a schematic cross-section of the substrate of FIG. 1after conducting a trench etch process to form a trench in thesubstrate;

[0024]FIG. 2 is a sectional schematic side view of a computer controlledhigh density plasma etching apparatus;

[0025]FIG. 3 is a sectional schematic side view of a computer controlledmagnetically enhanced reactive ion etching apparatus;

[0026]FIG. 4 is a partially schematic top view of a computer controlledsemiconductor processing system;

[0027]FIG. 5A is a schematic view of a computer system suitable forimplementing a method of the present invention on a computer controlledprocessing system;

[0028]FIG. 5B is a schematic view of a computer program suitable forcontrolling a processing system to implement a method of the presentinvention;

[0029]FIG. 6a is a schematic cross-section of a substrate having padoxide layer, a hard mask layer and a pattern layer;

[0030]FIG. 6b is a schematic cross-section of the substrate of FIG. 6ahaving an exposed compatible layer;

[0031]FIG. 6c is a schematic cross-section of the substrate of FIG. 6aafter performing an etch process according to the present invention toremove an exposed compatible layer and deposits formed during processesconducted on a previous substrate;

[0032]FIG. 6d is a schematic cross-section of the substrate of FIG. 6aafter further processing the substrate and forming deposits within thechamber according to the method of the present invention;

[0033]FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a single chamber method of formingsilicon trenches according to the present invention; and

[0034]FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a two chamber method of forming silicontrenches according to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION I. Single Chamber Embodiment ofthe Present Invention

[0035] The method of the present invention can be implemented on aprocessing system having a single processing chamber. While any of avariety of processing chambers may enjoy the advantages of the presentinvention, the method will be described as implemented on a computercontrolled HDP etching chamber 200 as illustrated and described below inFIG. 2. The present invention provides a method to etch a layer or oneof a plurality the layers formed on a substrate while simultaneouslyremoving deposits formed within the chamber from a previously processedsubstrate. In an embodiment of the present invention, the layer to beetched is compatible with the deposits formed within the chamber.Advantageously, processing efficiencies are realized since a single stepis utilized to process a substrate while cleaning the deposits producedby processing the previous substrate. In this way, etching a layer onone substrate is combined with cleaning the residue formed from etchinga previous substrate.

[0036] Additionally, rather than risk interference with trench profilecontrol by incorporating self-cleaning gas chemistry, the presentinvention compensates for residue forming critical step processing steps(i.e., the etch process used to form the bottom of a deep, high aspectratio trench) by allowing residue formation during the criticalprocessing step. The method of the present invention combines theremoval of the residue formed from the critical processing step (i.e.etching a trench) with the removal of a layer having less criticaldimensions or less strict processing requirements compared to the smallcritical dimensions of high aspect ratio deep trenches. Additionaldetails of an embodiment of the present invention are provided below andare illustrated in FIG. 7.

[0037] The method of the present invention has at least two advantagesover the prior art processing methods described above. One advantage isincreased throughput. Combining the residue removal step with theprocessing of a compatible layer removes the dedicated cleaning stepnormally conducted after residue forming processes. In some cases, thededicated cleaning step can be substantial. For example, each substrateprocessed according to the plasma etch trench method described inco-pending application entitled “Silicon Trench Etching UsingSilicon-Containing Precursors to Reduce or Avoid Mask Erosion” formsresidues about 300 Å thick. These residue formations can require up to120 seconds to clean using conventional single wafer cleaningtechniques. In contrast to the prior art, the method of the presentinvention advantageously combines an etch process to remove a layer on apresent substrate with a cleaning process to remove the residue formedfrom etching another, previous substrate.

[0038] Another advantage of the method of the present invention isincreased process chemistry options. Trench etch processes incorporatingthe method of the present invention are not complicated by incorporatinga self-cleaning gas composition nor limited to those process gaseshaving only low or no residue forming characteristics. To varyingdegrees, self cleaning gases adversely impact profile controlparticularly in high residue forming processes where increasing amountsof self-clean gases are added to offset the additional residueformation. Residue forming process chemistry is less of a concern sincethe method of the present invention combines the residue removal taskwith the etch process performed on the present substrate. Moreprocessing options are available because a process chemistry thatpreviously was not considered or was considered less favorably becauseof excessive residue formation, may now be utilized. As smaller devicegeometry leads towards deeper trenches and smaller critical dimensions,increased processing options are needed that allow process engineers tofocus exclusively on profile control. The method of the presentinvention provides enhanced profile control without regard for residueformation because process chemistry is selected and optimized based onprofile control performance rather than a potential compromise betweenresidue reduction and profile control.

[0039] Those of ordinary skill will appreciate that the method of thepresent invention may be practiced whenever a deposit removal processand compatible layer removal process are conducted simultaneously. Forillustration, the present invention will be described with regard to theformation of deep trenches in the silicon substrate as used in theformation of 256 Mb DRAM capacitors. FIGS. 6A, 6B, 6C and 6D illustratea representative structure 900 formed on a substrate 203 on which anembodiment of method of the present is conducted. Structure 900 of FIGS.6A-6D is similar to structure 100 of FIGS. 1A-1D. Structure 900 will bereferred to in relation to the steps provided in flowchart 700. Thesubstrate 902 comprises, for example, a semiconductor material, such asa silicon or gallium arsenide wafer, with a plurality of layers formedthereon. The plurality of layers could be, for example, a representativeDRAM structure 900 as illustrated in FIG. 6A. The DRAM structure 900illustrated in FIG. 6A includes a silicon substrate 902 with adielectric pad oxide layer 904, a masking layer 906 and a patterninglayer 908. Typically the pad oxide layer 904 is about 80 Å thick andformed from silicon dioxide, the masking layer 906 is about 2,200 Åthick and formed from silicon nitride and the patterning layer 908 isabout 7,700 Å thick and is formed from borosilicate glass (BSG) or othersilicon oxide deposited, for example, using tetraethyl orthosilicate(TEOS) or other suitable silicon source.

[0040] Turning now to flow diagram 700 of FIG. 7, the first step 705 isto load a substrate having a portion of a compatible layer exposed intoa plasma etch chamber having deposits formed from the plasma etching ofa previous substrate. Deposits in this case are the deposits that areformed from a trench etch process used to form a trench 903 such as, forexample, the deep trench method taught in commonly assigned U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 09/102,527 filed Jun. 22, 1998 entitled “SiliconTrench Etching Using Silicon-Containing Precursors to Reduce or AvoidMask Erosion,” which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0041] U.S. Patent Application entitled “Silicon Trench Etching UsingSilicon-Containing Precursors to Reduce or Avoid Mask Erosion” describesa method for etching high aspect ratio trenches in silicon where atleast a portion of the silicon trench, particularly toward the bottom ofthe trench, is etched using a combination of reactive gases includingfluorine-containing compound which does not contain silicon (FC); asilicon-containing compound (SC), which preferably also containsfluorine; and oxygen (O₂). When the SC is a fluorine-containing siliconcompound, the volumetric ratio of the FC to SC ranges from about 25:1 toabout 1:10, and the volumetric ratio of the O₂ to SC ranges from about10:1 to about 1:10. When the SC is a non-fluorine-containing siliconcompound, the volumetric ratio of the FC to SC ranges from about 100:1to about 1:10, with the volumetric ratio of the O₂ to SC ranges fromabout 10:1 to about 1:10; and, preferably the volumetric ratio of the O₂to SC ranges from about 38:1 to about 1:7.

[0042] The FC compound may be selected, for example, from the following:F₂O, F₂O₂, NF₃, NOF, NO₂F, SF₆, SF₄, S₂F₂, S₂F₁₀, CF₄, CH₂F₂, CHF₃, andCH₃F. The most preferred FC is SF₆. When the SC contains fluorine, theSC may be selected, for example, from the following: SiF₄, Si₂F₆, SiHF₃,SiH₂F₂, SiH₃F, Si₂OF₆, SiCl₂F₂, and SiClF₃. The most preferredfluorine-containing SC is SiF₄. When the SC does not contain fluorine,the SC may be selected from silicon-containing compounds such as SiBr₄,SiHBr₃, SiH₂Br₂, SiH₃Br, SiCl₄, SiHCl₃, SiH₂Cl₂, SiH₃Cl, Si₂Cl₆, SiH₄,Si₂H₆, Si₃H₈, Si₄H₁₀, SiHI₂, SiH₂I, C₄H₁₂Si, and Si(C₂H₃O₂)₄, by way ofexample, and not by way of limitation. The use of a fluorine-containingsilicon compound is preferred as a means of improving the etch rate andremoving debris from the etched surfaces, while providing supplementalsilicon availability for protection (passivation) of the etched masksidewall and the upper etched portion of the trench, during etching ofthe bottom portion of the trench. The non-fluorine-containing source ofsilicon is preferred when the desired trench profile requires additionalprotection of the etched mask sidewall and the etched surface at the topof the trench during etching the bottom portion of the trench.

[0043] In this example where the method of the present invention isapplied to a trench etch sequence and the above described trench etchmethod is used to etch the bottom of the trench 912 on the previoussubstrate, it is primarily the deposits from the trench etch conductedon the previous substrate which are present in the chamber when anothersubstrate is loaded in accordance with step 705. Other deposits may alsobe present such as deposits formed during etching the top portion oftrench 903 and the etch to remove the pad oxide layer 904. Thus, theexposed compatible layer is that layer which can be etched while alsoremoving the deposits formed from the previous substrate.

[0044] Using the illustrations of FIGS. 6A-6D, for example, the depositswere formed by plasma etching trench 903 into a previous substrate asshown in FIG. 6D. Without removing those deposits, another substrate isloaded into a chamber, for example, a HDP plasma etch chamber as shownin FIG. 2 or a Magnetically Enhanced Reactive Ion Etch chamber as shownin FIG. 3 both of which are described in more detail below, having anexposed compatible layer configuration similar to FIG. 6B. The exposedlayer of material on the substrate has been selected to be compatiblewith the deposits formed from the previous substrate's etch process. Forexample, Applicants have determined that a masking layer 906 formed fromsilicon nitride is a compatible layer with the deposits formed fromconducting a trench etch on the previous substrate.

[0045] Next, as set forth in step 710, conduct a first plasma etchprocess that removes a portion of the exposed compatible layer and thedeposits formed from the previously processed substrate. This stepimproves processing efficiency because a single step further processesthe present wafer (i.e. removes a portion of the compatible layer) andcleans the chamber (i.e. removes the deposits from the etch processconducted on the previous substrate). Advantageously, using the methodof the present invention, therefore, removes the dedicated clean stepwhich may have been required in the prior art etch processes afterconducting a trench etch.

[0046] The gas composition of the first plasma etching operationincludes a gas mixture capable of removing both the compatible layer andthe residue. While a single gas may be used, a typical process gasmixture for the first plasma etch operation includes an etchant gas foretching the compatible layer of the substrate and a cleaning gas forremoving the residue from the previous substrate processing. Suitableetchant gases for etching the compatible layer will vary depending onthe type of compatible layer presented. Suitable cleaning gases willvary depending upon the type of residue formed. Applicants have foundthat for the silicon trench residue, silicon nitride layer combinationof the representative DRAM structure 900, one suitable gas combinationfor the first plasma etching operation includes a fluorine containingcompound and a bromine containing compound. Suitable sources for thebromine containing compound include, but are not limited to: HBr, Br₂,CFBr₃. Suitable sources for a fluorine containing compound include, butare not limited to: SF₆, F, NF₃, HF, CF₃, CF₄, CH₃F, CHF₃, C₂H₂F₂,C₂H₄F₆, C₂F₆, C₃F₈, C₄F₈, C₂HF₅, C₄F₁₀, CF₂Cl₂, and CFCl₃. In a specificembodiment, the fluorine containing compound is SF₆ and the brominecontaining compound is HBr.

[0047] Referring to the processing chamber of FIG. 2, a process gasmixture comprising etchant gas for etching the compatible layer of thesubstrate and a cleaning gas for removing the residue from the previoussubstrate processing is introduced into the chamber 200 through the gasoutlet 226. The chamber is typically maintained at a pressure rangingfrom about 0.1 to about 400 mTorr. In the case where the compatiblelayer is formed from silicon nitride the preferred etchant gas is HBr.Suitable cleaning gases for removing the residue from the processchamber include, for example, NF₃, CF₄, SF₆, or other fluorinecontaining compounds. When the deposits formed in the chamber fromconducting a plasma trench etch on a previous substrate, the preferredcleaning gas is SF₆.

[0048] This process is an example of a process that removes thecompatible layer (i.e. silicon nitride layer 906) and the depositsformed from processing a previous substrate (i.e., the deep trench etchconducted on the previous substrate). Referring to FIG. 2, a plasma 230is energized from the etchant and cleaning gas mixture using generators218, 222 by inductively coupling energy into the chamber 210. Forexample, the plasma can be formed by applying an RF source current tothe inductor antenna 212 encircling the chamber 210, and applying an RFbias voltage to the cathode pedestal 216. The gases ionize in theapplied electric field to form ions and neutrals that etch the layer onthe substrate 203 and the residue to form volatile gaseous species thatare exhausted from the chamber 210. The process is conducted at achamber pressure of 10 mT, pedestal temperature of 15° C., a backsidecooling pressure of 8 T, a source power of 1200 W, a bias power of 100W. The plasma is formed from a gas mixture that includes a fluorinecontaining compound and a bromine containing compound. Onerepresentative gas mixture includes 140 sccm HBr and 10 sccm SF₆. Thisprocess removes the 2,200 Å of silicon nitride 906 in stack 900 and theresidue from the previous substrate etch process in about 70 seconds.Thus, the plasma etch chemistry and the sequence of processing the DRAMlayers have been advantageously selected so that a single step removesnext layer of material to be etched from the stack while also removingthe residue from the previous substrate. Moreover, this step isperformed in less time than the prior art dedicated chamber clean.

[0049] After processing to remove the deposits and the compatible layer,substrate 203 has a stack 900 similar to FIG. 6C which shows that theexposed portion of the compatible silicon nitride layer 906 has beenremoved and the underlying pad oxide layer 904 is exposed. Althoughdescribed as an etchant gas for removing the layer and a cleaning gasfor removing the deposits, one of ordinary skill will appreciate thecomplexity of the etching and cleaning processes and that the etchantgas contributes to a degree to the cleaning process and that thecleaning gas likewise contributes to the etching process.

[0050] Returning now to FIG. 7, the next step is step 715. In this step,conduct a second plasma etch process that further processes thesubstrate and forms deposits within the plasma etch chamber. In thisstep, further processing the substrate refers to removing an additionallayer or layers, or removing a portion of the substrate material itself.Referring by way of example to the stack illustrated in FIGS. 6C and 6D,the thin layer of pad oxide 904 (shown exposed in FIG. 6C) may beremoved and additional process steps may be conducted to form a deeptrench as illustrated in FIG. 6D. Although forming trench 903 may beperformed in three distinct steps (pad oxide etch or substrate open,upper trench etch and lower trench etch) as described below, the processmay also be performed in a continuous cycle such that the plasma is notextinguished as the gas mixture changes between processes. Moreover, itis to be appreciated that while the deposit forming step is described asthe last step (i.e., the lower trench etch) the deposit forming stepcould also be any or all of the other steps conducted to further processthe substrate.

[0051] Referring to stack 900 in FIGS. 6C and 6D for example, the padoxide may be removed, for example, by a suitable plasma process such asa combination of a fluorine containing compound and an inert gas. Onesuch gas combination is CF₄ and Ar. Other suitable fluorine containinggases include, but are not limited to: SF₆, F, NF₃, HF, CF₃, CF₄, CH₃F,CHF₃, C₂H₂F₂, C₂H₄F₆, C₂F₆, C₃F₈, C₄F₈, C₂HF₅, C₄F₁₀, CF₂Cl₂, and CFCl₃.Other suitable inert gases include N₂, He, Ne, and Xe. In arepresentative plasma process, the pad oxide may be etched byintroducing a mixture of 40 sccm CF₄ and 60 sccm Ar into a chamber 220maintained at about 30 mT with source power of 700 Watts and bias powerof 50 Watts. The cathode is maintained at about 15° C. with a backsideHe pressure of 8 T. Using this process, an 80 Å thick layer of pad oxideformed from silicon dioxide is removed in about 20 sec.

[0052] After performing a substrate open process or pad oxide removalstep, a trench etch step may be conducted. In accordance with thepresent invention, a residue forming process is conducted in theprocessing chamber and that process could be any or part of thesubstrate open process or trench etch process. For example, a two steptrench etch process could be conducted where the first part of thetrench etch utilizes a self-clean chemistry with little or no residueformation while the second of the trench etch is the residue formingprocess.

[0053] For example, the first step of the trench etch process could beused to etch the upper portion 910 of a deep trench 903. The upperportion of the trench 910 extends from the surface of substrate 902(i.e. the interface between the pad oxide layer 904 and the substrate902) down into the trench 903. Etching in the upper portion focuses onthe profile angle of the top of the trench. This plasma etch could beconducted using a mixture of oxygen with a bromine containing compound.This plasma etch could be conducted where the bromine containingcompound is HBr. In a specific example, the upper portion 910 of thetrench 903 includes a plasma formed from a mixture of 240 sccm HBr, 35sccm HeO₂ having a 7:3 He/O₂ ratio in a chamber with a pressure of 30mT, substrate backside pressure of 8 T, a source power of 1800 W, a biaspower of 150 W and a pedestal temperature of 15° C. In this example, theprofile in the trench formed can be controlled by maintaining a constantchamber pressure, source power, HBr flow rate and pedestal temperaturewhile changing the bias power, HeO₂ flow rate and backside pressure. Forexample, bias power could be increased to 220 Watts while HeO₂ flow isdecreased to 32 sccm and 31 sccm and backside He pressure is increasedto 12 T and 16 T.

[0054] Next, by-products formed on the bottom of the upper trench areremoved with a suitable plasma process prior to commencing the lowertrench process. This bottom residue removal step may be conducted byforming a plasma with a mixture of 25 sccm HBr, 10 sccm O₂ and 20 sccmSF₆ in a chamber with a source power of 1000 Watts, bias power of 200Watts, a chamber pressure of 6 mT and backside helium pressure of 16 T.A typical bottom residue removal step last only a few seconds.Satisfactory bottom upper trench residue removal can be accomplished inabout 10 seconds.

[0055] After performing the residue removal from the bottom of the uppertrench portion, the lower trench process is conducted. U.S. PatentApplication entitled “Silicon Trench Etching Using Silicon-ContainingPrecursors to Reduce or Avoid Mask Erosion” describes a method foretching high aspect ratio trenches in silicon where at least a portionof the silicon trench, particularly toward the bottom of the trench, isetched using a combination of reactive gases includingfluorine-containing compound which does not contain silicon (FC); asilicon-containing compound (SC), which preferably also containsfluorine; and oxygen (O₂).

[0056] When the SC is a fluorine-containing silicon compound, thevolumetric ratio of the FC to SC ranges from about 25:1 to about 1:10,and the volumetric ratio of the O₂ to SC ranges from about 10:1 to about1:10. When the SC is a non-fluorine-containing silicon compound, thevolumetric ratio of the FC to SC ranges from about 100:1 to about 1:10,with the volumetric ratio of the O₂ to SC ranges from about 10:1 toabout 1:10; and, preferably the volumetric ratio of the FC to SC rangesfrom about 38:1 to about 1:7. The FC compound may be selected, forexample, from the following: F₂O, F₂O₂, NF₃, NOF, NO₂F, SF₆, SF₄, S₂F₂,S₂F₁₀, CF₄, CH₂F₂, CHF₃, and CH₃F. The most preferred FC is SF₆. Whenthe SC contains fluorine, the SC may be selected, for example, from thefollowing: SiF₄, Si₂F₆, SiHF₃, SiH₂F₂, SiH₃F, Si₂OF₆, SiCl₂F₂, andSiCIF₃. The most preferred fluorine-containing SC is SiF₄. When the SCdoes not contain fluorine, the SC may be selected fromsilicon-containing compounds such as SiBr₄, SiHBr₃, SiH₂Br₂, SiH₃Br,SiCl₄, SiHCl₃, SiH₂Cl₂, SiH₃Cl, Si₂Cl₆, SiH₄, Si₂H₆, Si₃H₈, Si₄H₁₀,SiHI₂, SH₂I, C₄H₁₂Si, and Si(C₂H₃O₂)₄, by way of example, and not by wayof limitation.

[0057] The use of a fluorine-containing silicon compound is preferred asa means of improving the etch rate and removing debris from the etchedsurfaces, while providing supplemental silicon availability forprotection (passivation) of the etched mask sidewall and the upperetched portion of the trench 910, during etching of the bottom portionof the trench 912. The non-fluorine-containing source of silicon ispreferred when the desired trench profile requires additional protectionof the etched mask sidewall and the etched surface at the top of thetrench during etching the bottom portion of the trench 912.

[0058] The formation of the lower trench portion 912 with increasedprofile control can be obtained by a plasma formed from a combination ofreactive gases including fluorine-containing compound which does notcontain silicon (FC); a silicon-containing compound (SC), whichpreferably also contains fluorine; and oxygen (O₂) such as a mixture ofSF₆, HBr and O₂. For example, a plasma can be initiated with 26 sccmSF₆, 33 SiF₄, 65 sccm HBr, 22 O₂ with a 1400 W source power, a 60 W biaspower, 22 mT chamber pressure, a 15° C. pedestal temperature, and a 16 Tbackside pressure. Excellent profile control may be obtained bydecreasing the amount of O₂ in the plasma while maintaining the otherfactors constant. The two step trench process described herein withregard to step 715 of the method of the present invention providesexcellent profile and results in residue formation within the processingchamber. Additionally, careful control of the volumetric ratios of theetch gases becomes increasingly important in order to maintain profilecontrol. As such, each additional gas added to the trench etch chemistryincludes a risk of diminished profile performance.

[0059] In addition to the specific process described above, otherprocesses that further process the substrate and form deposits withinthe chamber may be used. For example, the co-pending and commonlyassigned patent application Ser. No. 09/102,527 filed Jun. 22, 1998entitled “Silicon Trench Etching Using Silicon-Containing Precursors toReduce or Avoid Mask Erosion” provides several processes useful in theformation of deep silicon trenches. These processes provide variousplasma chemistries useful in controlling trench profiles which may beused according to the present invention.

[0060] After conducting plasma processing operations that furtherprocess the substrate and form residues in the process chamber, removethe substrate from the processing chamber as set forth in step 720. Atthis point, the processed substrate (i.e. the substrate that has beenprocessed according to steps 710 and 715) is removed from the chamberand the residues formed by processing this substrate remain in thechamber.

[0061] The next step in a method of the present invention is thedecision step 725 which determines whether another wafer will beprocessed. If no additional wafers are to be processed or when theanswer to step 725 is “No” then processing according to the methodstops.

[0062] If the decision at step 725 is “Yes” process an additional wafer,then the next step is to perform step 705. According to step 705 anothersubstrate is loaded into the processing chamber. As with the previouslyprocessed substrate, the loaded substrate will have a portion of acompatible layer exposed. The exposed compatible layer is so namedbecause the plasma chemistry that removes the exposed layer iscompatible with the removal of the residue produced by the depositforming process conducted in accordance with step 715 on the previoussubstrate. Since no dedicated single wafer type cleaning process wasconducted after step 715 was performed on the previous substrate, theresidues formed during the process conducted in accordance with step 715remain in the chamber. However, by advantageously selecting and exposinga layer of the plurality of layers formed on substrate 203 that iscompatible with the residue formed in the chamber, an in-situ plasmaprocess may be employed that will simultaneously remove both thecompatible substrate layer and the deposits from the previouslyprocessed substrate.

[0063] Once the additional substrate is loaded, it is processedaccording to step 710 as described above. A plasma etch process isconducted in the processing chamber that removes the exposed compatiblelayer while also removing the residue that remained in the chamber as aresult of conducting deposit forming processes on the previoussubstrate. After the additional substrate has been processed to removethe compatible layer and residue from the previous substrate, a plasmaetch process is conducted according to step 715. In this step, a plasmaetch process is conducted that further processes the substrate and formsdeposits within the plasma etch chamber. After the deposit formingprocess step is conducted (step 715), the substrate is unloaded from thechamber as set forth in step 720. The chamber now contains the depositsformed by processing the unloaded substrate. These deposits are removedfrom the chamber when the next substrate having an exposed compatiblelayer is loaded (step 705) and processes to remove the compatible layerand the deposits (step 710). The method of the present inventioncontinues with as set forth above until all substrates are processed.

II. The Chamber Embodiment of the Present Invention

[0064] The throughput and process chemistry advantages of the method ofthe present invention may also be realized in systems having multipleprocessing chambers such as computer controlled processing system 400described in greater detail below and illustrated in FIG. 4. Themultiple chamber embodiment of the method of the present invention isset forth in flow chart 800 illustrated in FIG. 8. In the multiplechamber embodiment of the present invention, two chambers, for example,are coupled to a common vacuum transfer chamber such that a substrateprocessed in one chamber can be transferred into the other chamberwithout exposing the substrate to outside atmosphere. A substrate may beprocessed in a first chamber using a plasma etch process with a periodiccleaning cycle, or alternatively with a self-cleaning process chemistry.The process engineer has greater flexibility in the plasma etch processused in the first plasma etch chamber since the etch need only expose acompatible layer for processing in the second chamber. After processingthe substrate in the first chamber to expose a compatible layer, thesubstrate is transferred into the second chamber where the combinedcompatible layer and residue removal process of the present invention(described above with respect to FIG. 7) is conducted.

[0065] For purposes of illustration, the multiple chamber embodiment setforth in flow chart 800 of FIG. 8 will be described with regard to theformation of deep trenches in a silicon substrate as used in theformation of 256 Mb DRAM capacitors. For illustration, FIGS. 6A, 6B, 6Cand 6D illustrate a representative structure 900 formed on a substrateon which an embodiment of the method of the present is conducted.Structure 900 will be referred to in relation to the steps provided inflowchart 800. The substrate comprises, for example, a semiconductormaterial, such as a silicon or gallium arsenide wafer, with a pluralityof layers formed thereon. The plurality of layers could be, for example,a representative DRAM structure 900 as illustrated in FIG. 6A. The DRAMstructure 900 illustrated in FIG. 6A includes a silicon substrate 902with a dielectric pad oxide layer 904, a masking layer 906 and apatterning layer 908. Typically the pad oxide layer 904 is about 80 Åthick and formed from silicon dioxide, the masking layer 906 is about2,200 Å thick and formed from silicon nitride and the patterning layer908 is about 7,700 Å thick and is formed from borosilicate glass (BSG)or other silicon oxide generated, for example, using tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) or other suitable silicon source. For this example,a deep trench typically has a diameter of about 0.15 μm or larger and anaspect ratio as high as 35:1. In this DRAM stack, the layer compatiblewith the residue forming trench etch process is the silicon nitridelayer. In other words, the method of the present invention will bedescribed wherein the silicon nitride layer is the compatible layer.

[0066] The process will be described as implemented on a multiplechamber processing system capable of operating at least two chambers andtransferring substrates between those chamber without the substratescontacting the atmosphere outside the system. One of ordinary skill willrecognize that additional chamber configurations such as two chambers ofone type and one of a second type; two chambers of each type or any ofnumerous chamber combinations may be present on the processing systemimplementing the present invention. Processing system 400 (shown in FIG.4) is illustrative of one such processing chamber configuration. Thefirst processing chamber is capable of plasma etch operations to exposea compatible layer. One such chamber is the magnetically enhancedreactive ion etch chamber like chamber 300 of FIG. 3. One of ordinaryskill will realize that a wide variety of processing chambers arecapable of performing plasma etch operations to expose a compatiblelayer and the type of chamber selected may vary depending upon the typeof materials to be removed to expose the compatible layer. Any suchchamber is suitable for the method of the present invention.

[0067] The second processing chamber is capable of plasma etchoperations and for performing the compatible layer residue removalprocess of the present invention. One such chamber is the high densityplasma chamber 200 of FIG. 2. One of ordinary skill will realize that awide variety of processing chambers are capable of performing plasmaetch operations for the compatible layer residue removal process of thepresent invention and that the chamber selected will vary according tothe residue forming process and compatible layer selected. Thedescription which follows includes an embodiment of the presentinvention with a MERIE chamber 300, a HDP etch chamber 200, a DRAM stack900, a high aspect ratio deep trench as the residue forming process anda layer of silicon nitride as a compatible layer. This embodiment isprovided for purposes of illustration and is not intended to limit theinvention.

[0068] The first step according to step 805 of flow chart 800 is to loada substrate into a first etch chamber. The substrate may have aplurality of layers formed thereon. One of the plurality of layers is alayer compatible with the residue forming process that is conducted inthe second chamber. In this example, the substrate includes a number oflayers such as structure 900 of FIG. 6A. The first etch chamber could bethe magnetically enhanced reactive ion etch chamber described above orother etch chamber capable of conducting processing operations to exposethe compatible layer.

[0069] Next, according to step 810, conduct a plasma etch to expose acompatible layer. In this step, a portion of the substrate or layersformed on the substrate are removed to expose a compatible layer. Thecompatible layer is the layer to be removed during processing in thesecond etch chamber while conducting the compatible layer—residueremoval process of the present invention (i.e. step 835). For example,when the substrate loaded into the first processing chamber has the DRAMstructure 900 described above and the residue forming process in thesecond chamber is a trench etch process, the silicon nitride layer 906is the compatible layer. According to this step of the presentinvention, portions of the oxide layer 908 must be removed to expose thecompatible silicon nitride layer 906. After conducting this process, aportion of patterning layer 908 is removed to expose masking layer 906as illustrated in FIG. 6B.

[0070] Although this example illustrates the removal of a single layerto expose a compatible layer, one of ordinary skill will recognize thatthe method of the present invention could be implemented to removeseveral layers in order to expose a compatible layer.

[0071] One process capable of exposing the silicon nitride compatiblelayer of structure 900 is a plasma formed from a mixture of 100 sccmCHF₃ and 20 sccm O₂. The process of removing the oxide layer to exposethe compatible nitride layer could be conducted with a magnetic power of30 Gauss, and RF power of 500 Watts and a cathode temperature of about50° C. This process has an etch rate of about 1 μm/minute. Thus, the7000 Å patterning layer illustrated would be etched in about 42 seconds.Such a process may be conducted utilizing a periodic clean where thechamber is cleaned only after processing a number of wafers.Additionally, the compatible layer exposure etch process may alsoutilize self-cleaning chemistry where a cleaning gas and an etchant gasare injected together such that layers are removed from the substrateand deposits are removed from the chamber simultaneously.

[0072] Next, according to step 815, remove the substrate having anexposed compatible layer from the first etch chamber. Once the processof exposing the compatible layer is complete, the substrate is removedand sent to the second process chamber for processing according to step830 or stored within the processing system, as in loadlocks 405 or 407(FIG. 4), for later processing.

[0073] Next, according to step 820, is to determine whether to processanother substrate in the first processing chamber. Factors determiningwhether to process another substrate are: do additional substratesremain for processing, and, in the case of a periodic clean reactor, thenumber of substrates processed since the last cleaning cycle. If moresubstrates are to be processed and a self-cleaning process is being usedto expose the compatible layer, then the next step for the firstprocessing chamber is to load another substrate according to step 805.If a periodic cleaning cycle is being used in conjunction with thecompatible layer exposing process and a periodic clean is not yetrequired, then the next step for the first processing chamber is to loadanother substrate according to step 805.

[0074] Processing in the first processing chamber is complete when allsubstrates to be processed using the compatible layer exposure etchingprocess are processed. Alternatively, processing in the first processingchamber may cease when the chamber is taken out of service for cleaning.For example, the chamber may be shut down for a periodic cleaningbecause a periodic cleaning cycle is employed or because residues notremoved during the self-clean process must be removed. The first etchchamber operates independently of the second etch chamber to providesubstrates having exposed compatible layers.

[0075] The next step of this embodiment of the method of the presentinvention is set forth in step 830 of flow chart 800. According to thisstep, load a substrate having an exposed compatible layer into a secondetch chamber having deposits formed therein from a previously processedsubstrate. In this step, a substrate processed in the first etch chamberto expose a compatible layer is loaded into the second etch chamber. Thesecond etch chamber has deposits formed therein. In other words, thesecond etch chamber is considered dirty since it contains the residue ordeposits formed from the previously processed substrate. The layerexposed to processing in the second etch chamber is referred to ascompatible since the process chemistry used to remove the compatiblelayer also removes or is compatible with the removal of the depositsformed from the previously processed substrate.

[0076] In the example of the DRAM stack (structure 900) and the highaspect ratio trench etch, the exposed compatible layer is the siliconnitride layer. The residue in the second process chamber when thesubstrate was loaded was a by-product of the deep trench etch processconducted on the previous substrate. The substrate having an exposedcompatible layer as part of structure 900 is illustrated in FIG. 6B.

[0077] Next, as set forth in step 835, conduct a first plasma etchprocess in the second etch chamber that removes a portion of the exposedcompatible layer and cleans the deposits formed from etching processesconducted on a previously processed substrate. This step improvesprocessing efficiency because a single step further processes the wafer(i.e. removes a portion of the compatible layer) and cleans the chamber(i.e. removes the deposits from the trench etch process of the previoussubstrate). Using the method of the present invention, therefore,removes the clean after each wafer normally required after a trench etchwhile not requiring the trench etch to include self-clean gas chemistry.

[0078] The gas composition of the first plasma etching operationincludes a gas mixture capable of removing both the compatible layer andthe residue. While a single gas may be used, a typical process gasmixture for the first plasma etch operation includes an etchant gas foretching the compatible layer of the substrate and a cleaning gas forremoving the residue from the previous substrate processing. Suitableetchant gases for etching the compatible layer will vary depending onthe type of compatible layer presented. Suitable cleaning gases willvary depending upon the type of residue formed. Applicants have foundthat for the silicon trench residue, silicon nitride layer combinationof the representative DRAM structure 900, one suitable gas combinationfor the first plasma etching operation includes a fluorine containingcompound and a bromine containing compound. Suitable sources for brominecontaining compound include, but are not limited to: HBr, Br₂, CFBr₃.Suitable sources for a fluorine containing compound include, but are notlimited to: SF₆, F, NF₃, HF, CF₃, CF₄, CH₃F, CHF₃, C₂H₂F₂, C₂H₄F₆, C₂F₆,C₃F₈, C₄F₈, C₂HF₅, C₄F₁₀, CF₂Cl₂, and CFCl₃. In a specific embodiment,the fluorine containing compound is SF6 and the bromine containingcompound is HBr.

[0079] A process gas mixture comprising etchant gas for etching thecompatible layer of the substrate and a cleaning gas for removing theresidue from the previous substrate processing is introduced into thechamber 200 through the gas outlet 226. The chamber is typicallymaintained at a pressure ranging from about 0.1 to about 400 mTorr. Inthe case where the compatible layer is formed from silicon nitride thepreferred etchant gas is HBr. Suitable cleaning gases for removing theresidue from the process chamber include, for example, NF₃, CF₄, SF₆, orfluorine containing compounds. When the deposits were formed in thechamber by conducting a plasma trench etch on a previous substrate, thepreferred cleaning gas is SF₆.

[0080] This process is an example of a process that removes thecompatible layer ( i.e. silicon nitride layer 906) and the deposits.Referring to FIG. 2, a plasma 230 is energized from the etchant andcleaning gas mixture using generators 218, 222 by inductively couplingenergy into the chamber 210. For example, the plasma can be formed byapplying an RF source current to the inductor antenna 212 encircling thechamber 210, and applying an RF bias voltage to the cathode pedestal216. The gases ionize in the applied electric field to form ions andneutrals that etch the layer on the substrate 203 and the residue toform volatile gaseous species that are exhausted from the chamber 210.The process is conducted at a chamber pressure of 10 mT, pedestaltemperature of 15° C., a backside cooling pressure of 8 T, a sourcepower of 1200 W, a bias power of 100 W. The plasma is formed from a gasmixture that includes a fluorine containing compound and a brominecontaining compound. One representative gas mixture includes 140 sccmHBr and 10 sccm SF₆. Thus, the plasma etch chemistry and the sequence ofprocessing the DRAM layers have been advantageously selected so that asingle step removes next layer of material to be etched from the stackwhile also removing the residue from the previous substrate.

[0081] After processing to remove the deposits and the compatible layer,substrate 203 has a stack 900 similar to FIG. 6C which shows the exposedportion of the compatible silicon nitride layer has been removed and theunderlying pad oxide layer 904 is exposed. Although described as anetchant gas for removing the layer and a cleaning gas for removing thedeposits, one of ordinary skill will appreciate the complexity of theetching and cleaning processes and that the etchant gas contributes to adegree to the cleaning process and that the cleaning gas likewisecontributes to the etching process.

[0082] Returning now to FIG. 8, the next step is step 840. In this step,conduct a second plasma etch process that further processes thesubstrate and forms deposits within the second plasma etch chamber. Inthis step, further processing the substrate refers to removing anadditional layer or layers, or removing a portion of the substratematerial itself. Referring by way of example to the structure 900illustrated in FIGS. 6C and 6D, the thin layer of pad oxide (shownexposed in FIG. 6C) may be removed and additional process steps may beconducted to form a deep trench as illustrated in FIG. 6D. Althoughforming trench 903 may be performed in three distinct steps (pad oxideetch or substrate open, upper trench etch and lower trench etch) asdescribed below, the process may also be performed in a continuous cyclesuch that the plasma is not extinguished as the gas mixture changesbetween processes. Moreover, it is to be appreciated that while thedeposit forming step is described as the last step (i.e., the lowertrench etch) the deposit forming step could also be any or all of theother steps conducted to further process the substrate.

[0083] Referring to stack 900 in FIGS. 6C and 6D for example, the padoxide may be removed, for example, by a suitable plasma process such asa combination of fluorine containing compound and an inert gas. One suchgas combination is CF₄ and Ar. Other suitable fluorine containing gasesinclude, but are not limited to: SF₆, F, NF₃, HF, CF₃, CF₄, CH₃F, CHF₃,C₂H₂F₂, C₂H₄F₆, C₂F₆, C₃F₈, C₄F₈, C₂HF₅, C₄F₁₀, CF₂Cl₂, and CFCl₃. Othersuitable inert gases include N₂, He, Ne and Xe. In a representativeplasma process, the pad oxide may be etched by introducing a mixture of40 sccm CF₄ and 60 sccm Ar into a chamber 220 maintained at about 30 mTwith source power of 700 Watts and bias power of 50 Watts. The cathodeis maintained at about 15° C. with a backside He pressure of 8 T. Usingthis process, an 80 Å thick layer of pad oxide formed from silicondioxide is removed in about 20 sec.

[0084] After performing a substrate open process or pad oxide removalstep, a trench etch step may be conducted. In accordance with thepresent invention, a residue forming process is conducted in theprocessing chamber and that process could be any or part of thesubstrate open process or trench etch process. For example, a two steptrench etch process could be conducted where the first part of thetrench etch utilizes a self-clean chemistry with little or no residueformation while the second of the trench etch is the residue formingprocess.

[0085] For example, the first step of the trench etch process could beused to etch the upper portion 910 of a deep trench 903. This plasmaetch could be conducted using a mixture of oxygen with a brominecontaining compound. This plasma etch could be conducted where thebromine containing compound is HBr. In a specific example, the upperportion 910 of the trench 903 includes a plasma formed from a mixture of240 sccm HBr, 35 sccm HeO₂ having a 7:3 He/O₂ ratio in a chamber with apressure of 30 mT, substrate backside pressure of 8 T, a source power of1800 W, a bias power of 150 W and a pedestal temperature of 15° C. Inthis example, the profile in the trench formed can be controlled bymaintaining a constant chamber pressure, source power, HBr flow rate andpedestal temperature while changing the bias power, HeO₂ flow rate andbackside pressure. For example, bias power could be increased to 220Watts while HeO₂ flow is decreased to 32 sccm and 31 sccm and backsideHe pressure is increased to 12 T and 16 T.

[0086] Next, by-products formed on the bottom of the upper trench areremoved with a suitable plasma process prior to commencing the lowertrench process. This bottom residue removal step may be conducted byforming a plasma with a mixture of 25 sccm HBr, 10 sccm O₂ and 20 sccmSF₆ in a chamber with a source power of 1000 Watts, bias power of 200Watts, a chamber pressure of 6 mT and backside helium pressure of 16 T.A typical bottom residue removal step last only a few seconds.Satisfactory bottom upper trench residue removal can be accomplished inabout 10 seconds.

[0087] After performing the residue removal from the bottom of the uppertrench portion, the lower trench process is conducted. U.S. PatentApplication entitled “Silicon Trench Etching Using Silicon-ContainingPrecursors to Reduce or Avoid Mask Erosion” describes a method foretching high aspect ratio trenches in silicon where at least a portionof the silicon trench, particularly toward the bottom of the trench, isetched using a combination of reactive gases includingfluorine-containing compound which does not contain silicon (FC); asilicon-containing compound (SC), which preferably also containsfluorine; and oxygen (O₂).

[0088] When the SC is a fluorine-containing silicon compound, thevolumetric ratio of the FC to SC ranges from about 25:1 to about 1:10,and the volumetric ratio of the O₂ to SC ranges from about 10:1 to about1:10. When the SC is a non-fluorine-containing silicon compound, thevolumetric ratio of the FC to SC ranges from about 100:1 to about 1:10,with the volumetric ratio of the O₂ to SC ranges from about 10:1 toabout 1:10; and, preferably the volumetric ratio of the FC to SC rangesfrom about 38:1 to about 1:7. The FC compound may be selected, forexample, from the following: F₂O, F₂O₂, NF₃, NOF, NO₂F, SF₆, SF₄, S₂F₂,S₂F₁₀, CF₄, CH₂F₂, CHF₃, and CH₃F. The most preferred FC is SF₆. Whenthe SC contains fluorine, the SC may be selected, for example, from thefollowing: SiF₄, Si₂F₆, SiHF₃, SiH₂F₂, SiH₃F, Si₂OF₆, SiCl₂F₂, andSiCIF₃. The most preferred fluorine-containing SC is SiF₄. When the SCdoes not contain fluorine, the SC may be selected fromsilicon-containing compounds such as SiBr₄, SiHBr₃, SiH₂Br₂, SiH₃Br,SiCl₄, SiHCl₃, SiH₂Cl₂ 1 SiH₃Cl, Si₂Cl₆, SiH₄, Si₂H₆, Si₃H₈, Si₄H₁₀,SiHI₂, SiH₂I, C₄H₁₂Si, and Si(C₂H₃O₂)₄, by way of example, and not byway of limitation.

[0089] The use of a fluorine-containing silicon compound is preferred asa means of improving the etch rate and removing debris from the etchedsurfaces, while providing supplemental silicon availability forprotection (passivation) of the etched mask sidewall and the upperetched portion of the trench, during etching of the bottom portion ofthe trench. The non-fluorine-containing source of silicon is preferredwhen the desired trench profile requires additional protection of theetched mask sidewall and the etched surface at the top of the trenchduring etching the bottom portion of the trench.

[0090] The formation of the lower trench portion with increased profilecontrol can be obtained by a plasma formed from a combination ofreactive gases including fluorine-containing compound which does notcontain silicon (FC); a silicon-containing compound (SC), whichpreferably also contains fluorine; and oxygen (O₂) such as a mixture ofSF₆, HBr and O₂. For example, a plasma can be initiated with 26 sccmSF₆, 33 SiF₄, 65 sccm HBr, 22 O₂ with a 1400 W source power, a 60 W biaspower, 22 mT chamber pressure, a 15° C. pedestal temperature, and a 16 Tbackside pressure. Excellent profile control may be obtained bydecreasing the amount of O₂ in the plasma while maintaining the otherfactors constant. The two step trench process described herein withregard to step 715 of the method of the present invention providesexcellent profile and results in residue formation within the processingchamber. Additionally, careful control of the volumetric ratios of theetch gases becomes increasingly important in order to maintain profilecontrol. As such, each additional gas added to the trench etch chemistryincludes a risk of diminished profile performance.

[0091] In addition to the specific process described above, otherprocesses that further process the substrate and form deposits withinthe chamber may be used. For example, the co-pending and commonlyassigned patent application Ser. No. 09/102,527 filed Jun. 22, 1998entitled “Silicon Trench Etching Using Silicon-Containing Precursors toReduce or Avoid Mask Erosion” provides several processes useful in theformation of deep silicon trenches. These processes provide variousplasma chemistries useful in controlling trench profiles which may beused according to the present invention.

[0092] After conducting plasma processing operations that furtherprocess the substrate and form residues in the process chamber, removethe substrate from the processing chamber as set forth in step 850. Atthis point, the processed substrate (i.e. the substrate that has beenprocessed according to steps 835 and 840) is removed from the secondplasma etch chamber while the residues formed by processing thissubstrate remain in the chamber.

[0093] The next step in a method of this embodiment of the presentinvention is the decision step 860 which determines whether anothersubstrate having an exposed compatible layer wafer will be processed inthe second plasma etch chamber. After conducting plasma processingoperations that further process the substrate and form residues, removethe substrate from the processing chamber as set forth in step 850. Atthis point, the processed substrate (i.e. the substrate that has beenprocessed according to steps 835 and 840) is removed from the chamberand removed from the system, sent to storage in loadlocks 415 (shown inFIG. 4) for example, sent to another chamber on the same system or to achamber on a different system for processing.

[0094] If no additional wafers are to be processed or when the answer tostep 860 is “No” then processing according to the embodied method stops.

[0095] If the decision at step 860 is “Yes” process an additional wafer,then the next step to perform is step 830. According to step 830 anothersubstrate is loaded into the second plasma etch chamber. As with thepreviously processed substrate, the loaded substrate will have a portionof a compatible layer exposed. The exposed compatible layer is so namedbecause the plasma chemistry that removes the exposed layer is a processcompatible with the removal of the residue produced by the depositforming process conducted in accordance with step 835 on the previoussubstrate. Since no cleaning process was conducted after step 835 wasperformed on the previous substrate, the residue from the processconducted in accordance with step 835 remain in the chamber. However, byadvantageously exposing a layer on the substrate to be processed that iscompatible with the residue formed in the chamber, an in-situ plasmaprocess may be employed that will simultaneously remove the compatiblesubstrate layer and the deposits from the previously processedsubstrate.

[0096] Once the additional substrate is loaded, it is processedaccording to step 830 as described above. A plasma etch process isconducted in the processing chamber that removes the exposed compatiblelayer while also removing the residue that remained in the chamber as aresult of conducting deposit forming processes on the previoussubstrate. After the additional substrate has been processed to removethe compatible layer and residue from the previous substrate, a plasmaetch process is conducted according to step 835. In this step, a plasmaetch process is conducted that further processes the substrate and formsdeposits within the plasma etch chamber. After the deposit processesstep is conducted (step 835), the substrate is unloaded from the chamberas set forth in step 850. The chamber contains the deposits formed byprocessing the unloaded substrate. These deposits are removed from thechamber when the next substrate having an exposed compatible layer isloaded (step 830) and processes to remove the compatible layer and thedeposits (step 835). The method of the present invention continues withas set forth above until all substrates are processed. The two chambermethod of the present invention provides a throughput advantage in thetrench etch chamber because a previously required dedicated cleaningstep is now combined according with the present invention with theetching of a compatible layer. Another throughput advantage is realizedby reducing the amount of material etched in the first processingchamber or the chamber which conducts a plasma etch process to exposethe compatible layer according to the present invention. Previous etchsequences provided the substrate open process in one chamber and thetrench etch in another chamber. Referring to the structure 900 in FIG.6A, the substrate open process would include the removal of about 9,980Å of material (a pad oxide of 80 Å, a masking layer of 2200 Å and apatterning layer of 7700 Å). This prior art process sequence requiresabout 55 seconds per wafer. The chamber would be cleaned after every 100wafers. According to the present invention, the first process chamberneed only expose the compatible layer, here the masking layer. Thus,according to the present invention, the first chamber need only etchabout 7700 Å. This process can be conducted in about 42 seconds perwafer. The chamber would be cleaned after every 133 wafers. Thus, thedecreased amount of material to be etched in the first chamber increasesthe throughput of the first chamber.

III. Exemplary High Density Plasma Etch Chamber

[0097]FIG. 2 depicts a schematic diagram of a computer controlledsemiconductor wafer high density plasma (HDP) etch processing system 200in which embodiments of the method of the present invention can bepracticed. The depicted system is illustrative of an inductively coupledplasma etch system. A representative processing chamber of this type isa Silicon Etch DPS chamber available from Applied Materials, Inc. ofSanta Clara, Calif. A detailed description of the DPS chamber of thekind used by Applicants was described by Yan Yee et al. at theProceeding of the Eleventh International Symposium of Plasma Processing,May 7, 1996, and as published in the Electrochemical Society ProceedingsVolume 96-12, pp. 222-223 (1996). The invention, however, is applicableto and may be practiced in any DPS, inductively coupled plasma (ICP), orother plasma based semiconductor wafer processing system. The particularembodiment of the process chamber 200 shown herein, is suitable forprocessing of semiconductor substrates 203, is provided only toillustrate the invention, and should not be used to limit the scope ofthe invention.

[0098] The schematic of the processing system in FIG. 2 shows an etchingprocess chamber 210, which includes inductive coil antenna segment 212,positioned exterior to a dielectric, shaped ceiling 220, and connectedto a radio frequency (RF) power generator 218. Additional details of theconstruction and operation of inductive coil 212 are described incommonly assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/648,254, which isincorporated herein by reference. Power generator 218 may be a sourcepower generator with a frequency tunable around 12.56 MHz for impedancematching at different plasma conditions, or which may be a source powergenerator of fixed frequency which is connected through an impedancematching network 219. Process chamber 210 also includes a substratesupport pedestal (cathode) 216 which is connected to an RF frequencygenerator 222 (bias power generator) though an impedance matchingnetwork 224. Process chamber 210 has an inner volume 204 defined by top220, cylindrical sidewall 230 and a bottom 213. Sidewall 230 and bottom213 are typically made of conductive material such as aluminum orstainless steel that serve as electrical ground 234.

[0099] A semiconductor substrate 203 is placed on support pedestal 216via a robot (not shown) from transfer chamber 410 (transfer chamber 410is shown in FIG. 4). The substrate can be held in place duringprocessing using mechanical clamping means or an electrostatic chuck.When open, slit valve 214 provides access into chamber volume 204 fromtransfer chamber 410. When closed, slit valve 214 provides a pressureseal between chamber 210 and transfer chamber 410. A robot (not shown)and a lift and positioning mechanism 250 transfer and place,respectively, a semiconductor substrate, which may contain partiallyformed integrated circuits, on support pedestal 216. Gaseous componentsfrom gas panel 222 are fed into processing region 204 via gas controlvalve or valves 225 to gas inlets 226. Only a single line and valve areshown for clarity.

[0100] In a process, such as an etch process, the plasma 230 is formedin the chamber 210 by applying RF power to the process gas. The RF powersource 218 energizes the antenna 212 to ignite and sustain a plasma 230within the chamber 210. The pedestal 216 and thus the wafer 203 isbiased by an RF signal (e.g., 400 kHz or 13.56 MHz) supplied to thepedestal by RF supply 222 and matching network 224. Those skilled in theart will realize that a plurality of steps is necessary to excite aplasma in a process chamber, i.e., supply a process gas, apply sourcepower to the antenna, apply bias power to the pedestal and so on. One ofordinary skill in the art can perform these steps without furtherexplanation.

[0101] The processing environment within chamber 210 is controllable.The temperature of chamber 210 is controlled by fluid circulated inconduits 254 in or around sidewall 230. If desired, lamps or other heatsources could be used to heat chamber 210. Likewise a fan (not shown)could be used to cool top 220. Pressure within volume 204 is controlledby vacuum pumps 260 and throttle valve 262. Pressure control withinchamber 210 is further facilitated by a manometer or other pressuresensing device in communication with volume 204. Additional chambersensors 232 such as endpoint detectors, safety interlocks or manometersmay also be installed to further monitor or control the processconditions within chamber 210. The temperature of wafer 203 is adjustedand stabilized by controlling the temperature of pedestal 216 witheither heating element 258 or by circulating temperature controlledfluid through conduit 259. A backside gas is provided from bulk gassupply 256 via valve and piping 257 to the interstitial spaces betweensubstrate 203 and pedestal 216. The backside gas, typically an inert gassuch as Helium, facilitates heat transfer between substrate 203 andpedestal 216.

[0102] A process monitor 208 monitors conditions within the processchamber 210. The process monitor can be any sensor, or combination ofsensors, for measuring a condition that is dependent on the processoccurring within the chamber 210. By way of example, the process monitor208 is an Optical Emission Spectrometer (OES). The OES monitors emissionof radiation from the plasma 230. Such radiation is dependent on theprogress of the process occurring in the process chamber 210.Alternatively, the process monitor 208 could include an interferometerfor measuring elevations such as the depth of trenches etched into asurface of the wafer 203. Such an interferometer measures the depth ofthe trenches by interference of light reflected from the top and bottomof the trenches. If the process monitor 208 is an OES or interferometer,radiation from within the chamber 210 is coupled to the process monitor208 through a transparent aperture. The top 220 can be used as theaperture if it is made of a transparent material such as quartz.Alternatively a separate window can be provided in the top 220 orsidewall 230 for this purpose.

[0103] As described below in more detail with regard to FIG. 4,processing system 200 could be one of several chambers coupled to acommon transfer chamber or loadlock as part of a cluster tool processingsystem. Access to the processing volume 204 is provided via slit valve214 which separates chamber 200 from common transfer chamber 410. Wafertransfer robot 412, shown in phantom in FIG. 4 within transfer chamber410, would operate cooperatively under the control of system controller500 with lift and positioning mechanism 250 and slit valve 214 to placesubstrate 203 on pedestal 216.

[0104] As described in more detail with regard to controlling system 500in FIG. 5, all the various monitoring and controlling components ofchamber system 200 are controlled by computer system 520 in controller500. All the various monitoring and controlling components of chambersystem 200 are coupled via suitable signaling cable 512 to thecontroller 500 via backplane 537. As described in more detail in FIGS.5A and 5B, computer system 520 communicates various signals toprocessing chamber 200 via controller analog, digital and interlockinput and output boards 535, 536 and 540. Some components, such as gaspanel 222 for example, may be connected directly to an additionalcontrol board 539. The controller 500 along with computer system 520include hardware and software necessary to generate and monitor thesignals needed to initiate, monitor, regulate, and terminate theprocesses occurring in process chamber 210.

IV. Exemplary Magnetically Enhanced Reactive Ion (MERIE) Etch Chamber

[0105]FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a computer controlledmagnetically enhanced reactive ion etch processing system chamber 300.Processing system 300 is suitable for processing semiconductorsubstrates 203 having partially formed integrated circuit devices formedthereon. Processing system 300 includes a chamber 310 which may be, forexample, an M×P⁺ Oxide Etch chamber or Dielectric Etch Super e™Centura®, both of which are commercially available from AppliedMaterials Inc., Santa Clara, Calif. Processing chamber 310 isschematically shown in FIG. 3, and generally described in commonlyassigned U.S. Pat. No. 4,842,683 to Cheng, et al., and U.S. Pat. No.4,668,338 to Maydan, et al., both of which are incorporated herein byreference. The description which follows describes chamber 310 coupledto a multi-chamber integrated processing system 400 which is describedbelow in more detail with regard to FIG. 4. The particular embodiment ofthe processing system 300 described and shown herein is provided only toillustrate the invention, and should not be used to limit the scope ofthe invention.

[0106] To perform processing operations within processing system 300,the chamber 310 is evacuated using exhaust system 390 and throttle valve395 to a pressure typically less than the pressure of transfer chamber410. Chamber pressure within chamber 300 is maintained by exhaust system390 in conjunction with throttle valve 395. Exhaust system 390 includesvacuum pumps that are part of pumps 420 (FIG. 4). When chamber 310 is ata suitable pressure, for example less than about 1 mTorr, slit valve 312opens allowing a robot 412 (not shown) to transfer a substrate 203 intochamber 310. Using lift pins or other transfer mechanisms in conjunctionwith lift controller 360, substrate 203 is transferred from robot 412onto support pedestal 360. Robot 412 is withdrawn and slit valve 312closes. Support pedestal 360 also serves as a cathode electrode whilethe sidewalls of the chamber 310 are electrically grounded to form ananode electrode 365. The temperature of cathode 360 is controlled byheater 315 or temperature controlled fluid circulated in conduits 317.The substrate 203 an be held in place during the etching process using amechanical clamping mechanism or an electrostatic chuck. Typically thesupport surface of cathode 360 is outfitted with grooves in which acoolant gas, such as helium, is held to control the temperature of thesubstrate. Backside cooling is provided from a bulk inert gas supply 321containing an inert gas such as Helium and controlled by backside gasflow control valve 322.

[0107] Process gas is provided from gas panel 222 via flow and controlvalves 330 into the chamber 310 through a gas distributor 380peripherally disposed about the substrate 203. An electric field ismaintained in the plasma zone 355 to form a plasma from the process gascapacitively by applying an RF current to the cathode and anodeelectrodes 360, 365 in the process chamber 310. In reactive ion etching(RIE) processes, the plasma is typically capacitively generated byapplying an RF voltage at a power level of from about 100 to about 2000Watts to the cathode electrode 360, and by electrically grounding theanode electrode 365. Cathode electrode power supply 340 generates theR.F. signal which is coupled to cathode 360 via RF match network 345.The frequency of the RF current applied to the process electrode 360 istypically from about 50 Khz to about 60 MHz, and more typically about13.56 MHz.

[0108] The plasma can also be enhanced using electron cyclotronresonance or magnetically enhanced reactors, in which a magnetic fieldgenerator 382 is coupled to a permanent magnet or electromagnetic coils385 to provide a magnetic field in the plasma zone 355 to increase thedensity and uniformity of the plasma. Typically, the magnetic fieldcomprises a rotating magnetic field with the axis of the field rotatingparallel to the plane of the substrate 203, as described in more detailin U.S. Pat. No. 4,842,683, to Ding et al. issued Jun. 27, 1989, whichis incorporated herein in its entirety by reference. As described inmore detail below, controller 500 provides control signals to magneticfield power supply systems 382 to control the magnitude and direction ofthe currents supplied to the electromagnets 385. The associated currentdetermines the direction and magnitude of the field generated by eachcoil pair.

[0109] Spent process gas and etchant by-products are exhausted from theprocess chamber 310 through an exhaust system 390 which includes vacuumpumps capable of achieving a minimum pressure of about 10⁻³ Torr in theprocess chamber. A throttle valve 395 is provided for controlling thepressure in the chamber 310. Process monitor 370 monitors conditionswithin chamber 310. The process monitor can be any sensor or combinationof sensors for measuring a condition that is dependent on the processingwithin the chamber 310. Process monitor 370 could be, for example, anoptical endpoint detector used to determine completion of the etchingprocess for a specific layer by measuring the change in light emissionof a particular wavelength corresponding to a detectable gaseousspecies. A sudden decrease or increase in the amount of the detectablespecies that results from chemical reaction of the process gas with thelayer indicates completion of etching of that layer and the beginning ofetching of another layer. These changes are detected by the monitor 370,transmitted to controller 500 and utilized by computer system 520 to enda process or change a process step.

[0110] In addition to controlling application of current to theelectromagnets 385 and magnetic field generators 382, controller 500controls the gas flow from gas panel 222, application of RF power fromcathode power supply 340, flow of cooling gas from supply 321, cathodetemperature control via cooling conduits 317 or heater 315, vacuum andexhaust system 390 (including throttle valve 395), positions of cathodeand wafer lift 360, slit valve 312, and the fluid flow within chambercooling system 362. Control signals generated by computer system 520 inresponse to processing and sequencing recipes or programs arecommunicated from digital, analog, and interlock input/output boards535, 536, 540 to the various components of processing system 300 viasignaling cables 512. In some cases, components in processing system 300may be connected directly to a control board instead of via controllerbackplane 537. For example, gas panel 222 may be connected via signalingcables 512 directly to additional control board 539.

V. Exemplary Multi-chamber Integrated Processing System

[0111]FIG. 4 illustrates a computer controlled, integrated, modular,multiple chamber, vacuum processing system 400 of the type described inU.S. Pat. No. 4,951,601 to Maydan et al. with a dual loadlock of thetype described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,186,594 to Toshima et al., both ofwhich are incorporated herein by reference. Computer controlledprocessing system 400 includes a mainframe 405, system controller 500and auxiliary systems 403. Mainframe 405 is the support structure forcentral transfer chamber 410, processing chambers 200, 300, auxiliarychamber 409 and loadlocks 407 and 405. Mainframe 405 also supports gaspanel 222, system power panel 415 and pneumatic supply system 422.Common transfer chamber 410 which includes a wafer exchange robot 412(shown in phantom) adapted to move wafers between loadlocks 405 and 407and the processing and auxiliary chambers 200, 300 and 409. Processingsystem 400, for example, could be a Centura™ processing system as iscommercially available from Applied Materials, Inc. of Santa Clara,Calif.

[0112] Dual loadlocks 405 and 407 receive substrates for processing inprocessing system 400. Each loadlock operates independent of the otherwhich means that while one loadlock is under vacuum and in communicationwith is central transfer chamber 410, the other loadlock may be open toatmosphere and receiving additional substrates for processing.Processing 200, 300 and auxiliary 409 chambers coupled to centraltransfer chamber 410 are suitable for sequentially and simultaneouslyperforming different process steps such as deposition, etching, physicalsputtering, rapid thermal anneal and chemical mechanical polishing ofdielectric, semiconductor and conductor layers on workpieces such as,for example, semiconductor wafers. Processing system 400 can beconfigured with different processing chambers to perform a combinationof different processing steps or with a number of similar processingchambers which each perform the same processing operation. FIG. 4illustrates a processing system 400 having an HDP etch chamber 200 andan MERIE processing chamber 300 each of which is configured to conductembodiments of the method of the present invention.

[0113] Gas panel 222 includes valves and flow controllers (not shown)which are coupled to loadlocks 405 and 407, central transfer chamber 410and auxiliary 409 and process chambers 200, 300. Typically an inert gas,such as nitrogen, is employed to purge loadlocks 405 and 407 and centraltransfer chamber 410. Process gases including inert gases are providedto auxiliary and processing chambers 409, 200 and 300. Gases areprovided to the various chambers under the control of computercontroller 500.

[0114] Auxiliary systems 403 includes such equipment as vacuum pumps420, generators 425 and heat exchangers 430. Additional equipment, suchas ozone generators and exhaust treatment systems for example, may alsobe provided depending upon the specific application of processing system400.

[0115] Pumps 420 typically include pumps of varying capacity tofacilitate controlled pressure environments within process, auxiliaryand transfer chambers and loadlocks of processing system 400. Pumps 420operate under the control of system controlled 500. Pumping connection421 is illustrated as a single line for clarity and is intended torepresent suitable piping, wiring, and pneumatic connections betweenpumps 420 and the various components of mainframe 405.

[0116] Heat Exchangers 430 provide temperature controlled fluids underthe control of system controller 500 for heating and cooling variouscomponents such as process chamber walls and substrate lift pedestals.Heat (exchanger connection 431 is illustrated as a single line forclarity and is intended to represent suitable wiring and piping tocouple heat exchangers 430 to the various components of mainframe 405.

[0117] Generators 425 include the RF power sources and other types ofpower sources needed to perform processing operations in processingsystem 400. Generator connection 426 is illustrated as a single line forclarity and is intended to represent suitable wiring and othercomponents to couple the energy generated by generators 425 to theappropriate component on mainframe 405.

[0118] Typically, processing system 400 operates in a strictlycontrolled, high purity environment within a wafer fabrication facilityor fab. The area surrounding loadlocks 405 and 407 is usually the moststrictly controlled since substrates may be exposed to the fabatmosphere while being loaded into loadlocks 405 and 407. Given the highcost of maintaining such a high purity environment, processing system400 is typically positioned within the fab to minimize the amount ofclean room space needed. For example, loadlocks 405 and 407 would be incommunication with the environment having the highest purity while awall or other partition would separate the remainder of mainframe 405from the high purity environment. Additionally, auxiliary systems 403may be located remote to mainframe 405 to further reduce the amount ofclean room space occupied by processing system 400. FIG. 4 representssuch a remote placement of auxiliary systems 403. It is to beappreciated that occasionally some auxiliary system components, such asgenerators 425 for example, may be positioned on mainframe 405 adjacentto their respective chambers.

[0119] System controller 500, described in more detail below with regardto FIG. 5, monitors and directs all the functions of processing system400. The controlling functions of system controller 500 include but arenot limited to monitoring all process parameters and system activities,controlling digital and analog signals, directing wafer transfers,program process recipes, and wafer sequences, controlling video andsystem interfaces within processing and auxiliary chambers, mainframeand auxiliary systems. Controller 500 communicated with processingsystem components via appropriate signaling cables 512. Controller 500can be modified to perform other controlling functions as additional ordifferent processing or auxiliary chambers or metrology equipment areadded to processing system 400.

[0120] In operation, a user loads a cassette of substrates intoloadlocks 405 and 407. Using CRT 530 and light pen 534 or other inputdevice, the user inputs a processing sequence into the memory ofcontroller 500 or activates a processing sequence stored in the memoryof controller 500. A processing sequence typically involves pumping atleast one of the loadlocks 405 and 407 and the central transfer chamber410 to reduced pressure. According to the processing sequence, the robot412 within central transfer chamber 410 sequences substrates from thecassettes inside loadlocks 405 and 407 to processing 200, 300 orauxiliary chambers 409. Once inside a processing or auxiliary chamber, aprocess program or recipe is executed which initiates, controls andterminates substrate processing operations within the respectiveprocessing or auxiliary chamber. After processing is completed, theprocessed substrate may be transferred to the loadlock or to anotherchamber for additional processing. One advantage of central transferchamber 410 and loadlocks 405, 407 is that substrates may be repeatedlyprocessed in one chamber by sequencing between a loadlock and a chamberor sequenced between several chambers without exposure to the fabatmosphere.

[0121] Completed substrates are transferred back into the cassetteswithin loadlocks 405 and 407. The loadlock with the completed cassetteis vented to atmosphere and the completed cassette removed. Anadditional cassette is then loaded and the sequence repeats until alldesired substrate processing is complete.

VI. Exemplary Computer Based Control System

[0122] The method of the present invention can be implemented in acomputer controlled processing system 400 controlled by a processorbased controller 500 of FIG. 5. FIG. 5 illustrates a block diagram of asystem controller 500 including a programmable computer system 520,control boards 539, 535, 563, 540 and input and monitoring devices 529.

[0123] Controller 500 includes a programmable computer system 520 uponwhich an embodiment of the present invention may be input andimplemented. Computer system 520 includes a processor 522 coupled withbus 510 or other suitable communication mechanism for communicatinginformation between the components of computer system 520 for processinginformation. Computer system 520 further comprises a random accessmemory (RAM) or other dynamic storage device 524 (referred to as mainmemory), coupled to bus 510 for storing information and instructions tobe executed by processor 522 such as program 525. Main memory 524 alsomay be used for storing temporary variables or other intermediateinformation during execution of instructions by processor 522. Computersystem 520 also includes a read only memory (ROM) and/or other staticstorage device 526 coupled to bus 510 for storing static information andinstructions for processor 522. A data storage device 528, such as amagnetic disk or optical disk, is coupled to bus 510 for storinginformation and instructions.

[0124] Computer system 520 may also be coupled via system bus 505 toinput and monitoring devices 529 for communicating and receivinginformation from a user. Controller 500 may also include a dedicatedvideo board, such as video control board 538, to communicate betweeninput and monitoring devices 529 and computer system 520. A displaydevice 530, such as a cathode ray tube (CRT), may be used for displayinginformation to a user. An alphanumeric input device 532, includingalphanumeric and other keys, may be coupled to bus 510 for communicatinginformation and command selections to processor 522.

[0125] Another interface between a user and processor 522 is via a CRTmonitor equipped with lightpen 534. A light sensor in the tip of thelightpen detects light emitted by CRT display. To select a particularscreen or function, the operator touches a designated area of thedisplay screen and pushes the button on the pen. The touched areachanges its highlighted color, or a new menu or screen is displayed,confirming communication between the lightpen and the display screen.Another type of user input device is cursor control 531, such as amouse, a trackball, or cursor direction keys for communicating directioninformation and command selections to processor 522 and for controllingcursor movement on display 530. Of course, other devices, such as akeyboard, mouse, or other pointing or communication device, may be usedinstead of or in addition to lightpen to allow the user to communicatewith processor 522. Mouse and pen based input devices as well as touchand light sensitive screens are well known in the art. Such a system mayalso lack a keyboard such as 532 wherein all interface is provided viathe stylus as a writing instrument (like a pen) and the written text isinterpreted using optical character recognition (OCR) techniques.

[0126] Controller 500 also includes control boards for sending,receiving and monitoring components of processing system 400. Controllerdigital input and output boards 535 are used to communicate digitalsignals between computer system 520 and the digitally controlledprocessing system components. Similarly, controller analog input andoutput boards 540 are used to communicate analog signals betweencomputer system 520 and the analog controlled processing systemcomponents. Controller interlock boards 536 provide warning indicationsor cease operation of processing system 400 when hazardous or undesiredconditions are detected. If desired, a single input and output board maybe dedicated to a single component. Examples include the additionalcontrol board 539 that is dedicated to communicating with gas panel 222and video control board 538 that is dedicated to communicating withinput and monitoring devices 529.

[0127] The controller 500 components are attached to a back plane 537via a suitable electronic connection such as an edge connector, slotconnector or ribbon cable. The computer monitored and controlledcomponents of processing system 400 are connected to controller 500using appropriate signal cables 512. Although represented as a singleline for clarity, signal cable 512 could be a single cable or multiplecables. Signal cable 512 provides for digital, analog and interlocksignaling between controller 500 and the components of processing system400. Instead of connecting via back plane 537, system components mayalso be connected directly to a control board in controller 500. Forexample, gas panel 222 could be connected directly to additional controlboard 539. Such connections allow additional boards and signalingcapability to be added as additional components are added.

[0128] Embodiments of the method of the present invention can beimplemented using a computer program 525 that is executed by processor522. The computer program code can be written in any conventionalcomputer readable programming language, such as 68000 assembly language,C, and Pascal. Of course a number of other suitable programminglanguages such as C⁺⁺, Java, or Jini could be used. Suitable programcode is entered into a single file, or multiple files, using aconventional text editor, and are stored or embodied in a computerusable medium, such as main memory 524. If the entered code text is in ahigh level language, the code is compiled, and the resultant compilercode is then linked with an object code of precompiled library routines.A bootstrap loader is used to load the compiled object code into memory.Once loaded into memory the processor reads and executes the code toperform the task identified in the program.

[0129] The mass storage device 528 stores data and instructions andretrieves data and program code instructions from a processor-readablestorage medium, such as a magnetic disk or magnetic tape. For example,the mass storage device 528 can be a hard disk drive, floppy disk drive,tape drive, or optical disk drive. The storage device 528 stores andretrieves the instructions in response to directions that it receivesfrom the processor 522. Data and program code instructions that arestored and retrieved by the storage device 528 are employed by theprocessor unit 522 for operating the processing system 400. The data andprogram code instructions are first retrieved by the storage device 528from a medium and then transferred to the memory 524 for use by theprocessor 522.

[0130]FIG. 5B illustrates schematically a representative computerprogram 525 that includes program code to monitor and control theprocessing chambers, mainframe and auxiliary system components of andthe movement or sequencing of substrates through computer controlledprocessing system 400. In one method of controlling processing on system400, program 525 includes instructions or recipes for sequencing andprocessing substrates in computer controlled system 400.

[0131] Processing recipes set forth the process task performed in thechambers to accomplish the desired substrate processes. Process task areconducted concurrently within recipe steps. The duration of a processrecipe step is determined by one of several methods. A process step maybe performed until, for example, a predetermined time period haselapsed; a process condition is satisfied such as a predeterminedpressure is reached; or a sensor registers step terminating variablesuch as when an endpoint detector registers a particular wavelengthemission. The process recipe, or program 525, includes predeterminedsets of process parameters necessary to carry out specified processes,and are identified by predefined set numbers. The process selector 550identifies (i) the desired process chamber, and (ii) the desired set ofprocess parameters needed to operate the process chamber for performingthe desired process.

[0132] The process parameters included in the recipe perform a specificprocess relate to process task such as, in a computer controlled HDPetch chamber 200 for example, controlling heating and cooling ofpedestal 216 with pedestal temperature control task 567, gas panelcomposition and flow with process gas control task 562, pressure andexhaust control task 563, plasma control, source and bias power controltask 565, and backside gas control task 566. The below descriptions ofprocessing and sequencing recipes are provided merely for illustration.It is to be appreciated that numerous methods of programming thesequencing and processing of workpieces in a processing system may beimplemented and that those methods will occur to those of ordinary skillin the art.

[0133] Sequencing recipes determine how substrates move from theloadlocks through the processing and auxiliary chambers of processingsystem 400. Sequencing recipes can be associated with individualsubstrates, groups of substrates or entire cassettes of substrates.Sequencing recipes employ scheduling algorithms to optimize substratethroughput, chamber utilization and minimize deadlocks. Program 525 alsoincludes a process sequencer 552 that includes program code foraccepting the identified process chamber and set of process parametersfrom the process selector 550, and for controlling operation of thevarious process chambers and mainframe components according to theprocess requirements. Multiple users can enter process set numbers andprocess chamber numbers, or a user can enter multiple process setnumbers and process chamber numbers, so the sequencer 552 operates toschedule the selected processes in the desired sequence.

[0134] Preferably the sequencer 552 includes a program code to performthe steps of (i) monitoring the operation of the process chambers todetermine if the chambers are being used, (ii) determining whatprocesses are being carried out in the chambers being used, and (iii)executing the desired process based on availability of a process chamberand type of process to be carried out. Conventional methods ofmonitoring the process chambers can be used, such as polling. Whenscheduling which process is to be executed, the sequencer 552 takes intoconsideration the present condition of the process chamber being used incomparison with the desired process conditions for a selected process,or the “age” of each particular user entered request, or any otherrelevant factor a system programmer desires to include for determiningscheduling priorities.

[0135] Program 525 is invoked by a user in response to menus or screensdisplayed on the CRT monitor 530. A user enters a process recipe for aparticular process chamber, loads a process recipe and sequence, orprogram 525. The parameters specified by the process recipe can also beentered utilizing the lightpen/CRT monitor interface, for example, orvia downloading a recipe from a suitable computer storage medium such asa floppy disc. Additionally, the process conditions within each chambercan be displayed on monitor 530 during processing operations.

[0136] Process selector 550 is used to indicate the desired process orprocesses to be conducted. Process recipes can be designated for eachwafer individually or for an entire cassette of wafers. The selectedprocess recipe provides the process selector with the desired process tobe performed. Once the process sequencer 552 determines which processchamber and process set combination is going to be executed next,sequencer 552 causes execution of the process set or commands by passingthe particular process set parameters or commands to a chamber managers560 or 570 or mainframe manger 580 which control multiple tasks inprocess chambers 200, 300 or mainframe and remote components accordingto the process set determined by the sequencer 552. For example, the HDPchamber manager 560 contains program code for controlling etchoperations in a HDP etch chamber 200. The chamber manager 560 alsocontrols execution of various chamber component tasks that in turncontrol chamber component operations necessary to carry out the selectedprocess set.

[0137] Examples of HDP chamber component tasks are pedestal andsubstrate lifts positioning task 561, process gas control task 562,pressure and exhaust system control task 563, chamber temperaturecontrol task 564, and plasma, source and bias power control task 565,backside gas control task 566 and pedestal temperature control task 567.Those having ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize thatadditional other chamber control tasks can be included depending on theprocesses to be performed in the process chamber. In operation, the HDPchamber manager 560 selectively schedules or calls the process componenttask in accordance with the particular process set being executed. TheHDP chamber manager 560 schedules the process component task similarlyto how the sequencer 552 schedules which process chamber and process setare to be executed next. Typically, the chamber manager 560 includessteps of monitoring the various chamber components and sensors;determining which components need to be operated based on the processparameters for the process set to be executed; and causing execution ofa chamber component task responsive to the monitoring and determiningsteps.

[0138] Examples of process tasks associated with magnetically enhancedreactive ion etching (MERIE) processing chamber are: pedestal andsubstrate lifts positioning task 571, process gas control task 572,pressure and exhaust system control task 573, chamber temperaturecontrol task 574, and plasma, source power and magnetic field controltask 575, backside gas control task 576 and pedestal temperature controltask 577. Typically a MERIE chamber manager 570 includes steps ofmonitoring the various MERIE chamber components and sensors, determiningwhich components need to be operated based on the process parameters forthe process set to be executed; and causing execution of a chambercomponent task responsive to the monitoring and determining steps.

[0139] Examples of mainframe and auxiliary manager 580 tasks are: robotposition control task 581, slit valve position control task 582, loadlocks control task 583, pneumatic system control task 584, vacuum pumpscontrol task 585, heat exchanger control task 586, and RF generatorcontrol and monitoring task 588. Typically the mainframe and auxiliarymanager 580 includes steps of monitoring the various mainframe andauxiliary components and sensors, determining which components need tobe operated based on the process parameters for the process set to beexecuted; and causing execution of a chamber component task responsiveto the monitoring and determining steps.

[0140] The coordinated operation of particular control and monitoringtasks within a program 525 will now be described. In this example, asubstrate 203 is to be transferred from loadlock 407 into chamber 210,processed and returned to loadlock 407. All process tasks and sequencescontained within processing program 525 (illustrated in FIG. 5B) aredescribed with reference to a HDP chamber 200 (illustrated in FIG. 2) onan integrated processing system 400 having a computer controller 500(illustrated in FIG. 5A). The pedestal and substrate lift positioningtask 561 includes program code for controlling pedestal and substratelift chamber components 250 that are used to load the substrate onto thepedestal 216 and to lift the pedestal 216 to a desired processingposition in the chamber 210. Loadlock control task 583, in cooperationwith robot control task 581 and slit valve control task 582 facilitatethe movement of a substrate 203 from a storage position, for example inloadlock 407, to a transport position on robot 412. Slit valve controltask 582 executes commands to open slit valve 214 as robot control task581 executes rotation and translation commands to robot 412 to load thesubstrate into the chamber. When a substrate 203 is loaded into theprocess volume 204, lift pins or other transfer mechanisms receive thesubstrate 203 from robot 412. After loading the substrate, the robotcontrol task executes commands that withdraw robot 412 from theprocessing chamber after which slit valve control task executes commandsto close slit valve 214. The lift pins or transfer mechanisms are thenlowered to place the substrate 203 on the pedestal 216, and thereafter,the pedestal 216 is raised to the desired processing position in thechamber volume 204. In operation, the pedestal and lift positioning task561 controls movement of the pedestal and substrate lift mechanisms inresponse to process set parameters related to the pedestal position thatare transferred from the HDP chamber manager 560.

[0141] The process gas control task 562 has program code for controllingprocess gas composition and flow rates for providing process gas fromgas panel 222 into processing volume 204. The process gas control task562 controls the open/close position of the shut-off valves 225, andprovides control signals to mass flow controllers within gas panel 222to obtain desired gas flow rates. The process gas control task 562 isinvoked by the HDP chamber manager 560, as are all chamber componenttasks, and receives from the chamber manager 560 process parametersrelated to the desired gas flow rates. Typically, the process gascontrol task 562 operates by opening the gas supply lines and repeatedly(i) reading the necessary mass flow controllers, (ii) comparing thereadings to the desired flow rates received from the HDP chamber manager560, and (iii) adjusting the flow rates of the gas supply lines asnecessary. Furthermore, the process gas control task 562 includes stepsfor monitoring the gas flow rates for unsafe rates, and for activatingthe shut-off valves when an unsafe condition is detected. Alternatively,computer controlled mass flow control devices may also be incorporatedso that the gas flow control task is performed by the flow controldevice with chamber manager 560 and controller 500 merely providing flowset points and monitoring gas flows for out of parameter conditions.

[0142] In some processes, an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen isflowed into the chamber volume 204 to stabilize the pressure in thechamber before reactive process gases are introduced into the chamber.For these processes, the process gas control task 562 is programmed tooperate in coordination with pressure and exhaust control task 563 toprovide steps for flowing the inert gas into the chamber volume 204 foran amount of time necessary to stabilize at the desired pressure in thechamber, and then the steps described above would be carried out. Asdiscussed above, the desired process gas flow rates are transferred tothe process gas control task 562 as process parameters. Furthermore, theprocess gas control task 562 includes steps for obtaining the necessarydelivery gas flow rate by accessing a stored table containing thenecessary values for a given process gas flow rate. Once the necessaryvalues are obtained, the delivery gas flow rates are monitored, comparedto the necessary values and adjusted accordingly.

[0143] In some chambers were a gas is introduced between the substrate203 and the pedestal 216, as in HDP chamber 210, chamber manager 560could include a backside gas control task 566. Backside gas control task566 could include program code for controlling the pressure of gasprovided between substrate 203 and pedestal 216 by controlling valve andflow controllers associated with backside gas supply 256. As withprocess gas control task 562 above, the backside gas control task 566operates by opening the backside gas supply lines and repeatedly (i)reading the necessary mass flow controller, (ii) comparing the readingto the desired flow rate received from the HDP chamber manager 560, and(iii) adjusting the flow rate of the backside gas supply line asnecessary. Furthermore, the backside gas control task 566 includes stepsfor monitoring the gas flow rate for unsafe rates, and for activatingshut-off valves when an unsafe condition is detected. Additionally,computerized mass flow control devices could perform the backside gascontrol task with input and monitoring from chamber manager 560 andcontroller 500.

[0144] The pressure and exhaust control task 563 includes program codefor controlling the pressure in the chamber volume 204 by regulating thesize of the opening of the throttle valve 262 in chamber exhaust system260 and the speed of pumps 420. The size of the opening of the throttlevalve 262 is set to control the chamber pressure to the desired level inrelation to the total process gas flow, size of the process chamber, andpumping setpoint pressure for the exhaust system 260. When the pressureand exhaust control task 563 is invoked, the desired, or target,pressure level is received as a parameter from the HDP chamber manager560. The pressure and exhaust control task 563 operates to measure thepressure in the chamber volume 204 by reading one or more conventionalpressure manometers connected to the chamber, compare the measured valueto the target pressure, obtain PID (proportional, integral, anddifferential) values from a stored pressure table corresponding to thetarget pressure, and adjust the throttle valve 262 according to the PIDvalues obtained from the pressure table. Alternatively, the pressure andexhaust control task 563 can be written to open or close the throttlevalve 562 to a particular opening size to regulate the chamber volume204 to the desired pressure.

[0145] The pedestal temperature control task 567 includes program codefor controlling the current to heating element 258 or flow oftemperature controlled fluid to conduits 259 that are used to controlthe temperature of pedestal 216 and substrate 203. The pedestaltemperature control task 567 is also invoked by the chamber manager 560and receives a target, or setpoint, temperature parameter. Pedestaltemperature control task 567 operates cooperatively with heat exchangerscontrol task 586 to ensure temperature controlled fluids are availableand provided at a suitable temperature to obtain the set-point pedestaltemperature. The pedestal temperature control task 567 measures thepedestal temperature by measuring voltage output of a thermocouplelocated in pedestal 216, compares the measured temperature to thesetpoint temperature, and increases or decreases current applied to theheating element 258 or temperature controlled fluid to conduits 259 toobtain the setpoint temperature. The temperature is obtained from themeasured thermocouple voltage, for example, by looking up thecorresponding temperature in a stored conversion table, or bycalculating the temperature using an appropriate mathematicalcalculation. Additionally, a built-in fail-safe mode can be included todetect process safety compliance, and can shut down operation of theheating and cooling elements if the process chamber 210 is not properlyset up.

[0146] Chamber temperature control task 564 includes program code forcontrolling the flow of temperature controlled fluid from heatexchangers 430 to conduits 254 to control the temperature of chamber210. The chamber temperature control task 564 is also invoked by thechamber manager task 560 and receives target set-point informationaccording to user input, recipe instruction or maintenance instructions.The various temperature measurements described above with regard topedestal temperature control task 567 can be implemented to measure andcontrol the temperature of chamber walls 230. Chamber temperaturecontrol task 564 also operates cooperatively with heat exchangerscontrol task 586 in order to provide temperature controlled fluids atthe appropriate temperature to obtain the chamber temperature setpoint.As with pedestal temperature control task above, a fail safe mode mayalso be included to prevent chamber component damage should temperaturecontrol exceed safe limit values.

[0147] The plasma control task 565 comprises program code that operatesin cooperation with generator control task 588 for setting source 218and bias 222 RF power levels applied to inductive coil 212 and pedestal216. Similar to the previously described chamber component task, theplasma control task 565 is invoked by the HDP chamber manager 560 andreceives source and bias power set-points required by the processingoperation being conducted in chamber 210. The plasma control task 565monitors RF power and impedance match settings and adjusts themaccordingly to provide the requested source and bias power levels.Plasma control task 565 operates cooperatively with process gas controltask 562 to ensure process gases are provided to chamber volume 204 forinitiating and sustaining plasma 230.

[0148] MERIE Chamber Manager 570 and Mainframe and Auxiliary SystemsManager 580, like HDP Chamber Manager 560, include program code forcontrolling and monitoring the various components of processing chambersystem 300 of FIG. 3 and mainframe 405 and auxiliary systems 403 of FIG.4. MERIE chamber manager 570 includes various chamber specific componentcontrol task similar to HDP chamber manager 560 described above.Additionally, MERIE chamber manager 570 includes a Plasma Control SourcePower and Magnetic Field Control task 575 that includes program code tomonitor and control cathode power supply 340, magnetic field generatorpower supply 382 and the amount of current applied to coils 385. MERIEchamber manager 570 also includes program code to monitor and controlother chamber tasks such as: backside gas control task 576, pedestaltemperature control task 577, pressure and exhaust control task 573,process gas control task 572, pedestal and substrate lift positioningtask 571, chamber sensor monitoring and control task 576 and chambertemperature control task 574. MERIE Chamber manager 570 controls theprocess environment of processing chamber 300 in much the same way thatHDP Chamber manger 560 controls the processing environment of processingchamber 200.

[0149] Mainframe and Auxiliary manager 580 includes program code forcontrolling the various components of mainframe 405 and auxiliarycomponents 403. Mainframe and Auxiliary control manager is invoked byprocess sequencer 552 as are chamber managers 560 and 570. Mainframe andAuxiliary managers would include program code tailored to the specificcomponents and parameters to be controlled. For example, robot controltask 581 includes computer code for monitoring the position of robot 412and generating rotation and extension commands based on the wafersequencing requirements generated by process sequencer 552. Componentspecific monitoring and control program commands are included in slitvalve control task 582. This task monitors the position of andcommunicates control signals for opening and closing chamber accessingvalves, such as slit valves 312 and 214, that are used to separateprocessing chambers 200 and 300 from central transfer chamber 410. Slitvalve control task 582 could also include safety control commands. Thesecommands would, for example, prevent slit valve 214 from opening unlesscertain chamber pressure conditions existed in chamber 200 and transferchamber 410 such as, for example, when both are under a prescribedpressure or when chamber 200 is at a higher pressure than transferchamber 410.

[0150] Other monitoring and controlling task included in Mainframe andAuxiliary Control Manager task 580 are: pneumatic system control task584, load locks monitoring and control task 583, heat exchangermonitoring and control task 586, loadlock and chamber vacuum pumpsmonitoring and control task 585, and RF generators monitoring andcontrol task 588. Each of these task includes program code to monitorand control the specified component.

[0151] The above description of system controller 500, computer system520 and monitoring and control program 525 are provided mainly forillustrative purposes. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciatethat other well known of similar controller architectures, computers,and programming codes and methodologies may be employed to monitor andcontrol a multi-chambered integrated semiconductor fabrication system.Additionally, variations in the above described system controller suchas a dedicated process control bus and redistribution of monitoring andcontrolling functions between mangers and task are possible.

[0152] Although the invention is described herein as being implementedin software and executed upon a general purpose computer, those skilledin the art will realize that it would be a matter of routine skill toselect an appropriate computer system to control processing system 400.Those of skill in the art will also realize that the invention could beimplemented using hardware such as an application specific integratedcircuit (ASIC) or other hardware circuitry. Additionally, the chambersof FIGS. 2 and 3 along with the chamber and mainframe controlsillustrated in FIG. 5 are merely illustrative of the types of chambersand types of chamber and mainframe controls employed. One of ordinaryskill in the art will appreciate that additional controls could beadded, while those illustrated could be combined or deleted if certainmonitoring and control functions were not desired or provided elsewhere,without departing from the spirit of the present invention. As such, itshould be understood that the invention can be implemented, in whole orin part, in software, hardware or both.

[0153] One of ordinary skill will appreciate that the method of thepresent invention may be embodied in a computer readable program code.This program code may be used by a computer controller, such ascontroller 500, for controlling a semiconductor processing system, suchas processing system 400 having two processing chambers. According tothe method of the present invention, one of the processing chambers mayhave deposits formed within it from a previously processed substrate.The program code controls the semiconductor processing system to processa wafer having a layer of material deposited thereon in the chamber inaccordance with the following steps which may be conducted sequentiallyor nearly simultaneously, flowing a first gaseous composition from saidgas supply into said chamber; providing energy to said chamber to form ahigh density plasma from said first gaseous composition introduced intosaid chamber to remove said layer formed on said substrate and saiddeposits formed in said chamber from a previous substrate processingoperation. Also, flowing a second gaseous composition from said gassupply into said chamber; providing energy to said chamber to form ahigh density plasma of said second gaseous composition to remove aportion of the substrate and form deposits in said processing chamber.After these steps have been conducted, unloading said substrateprocessed by said second gaseous composition; and without performing acleaning operation to remove the deposits formed by the second gaseouscomposition, loading a substrate having a layer of material depositedthereon into the processing chamber.

[0154] Using the method of the present invention, processing throughputscan be increased by accomplishing in a single step the removal ofresidue formed while processing a previous substrate with the furtherprocessing of the present substrate. The present invention has beendescribed with reference to certain plasma etch processes, compatiblelayers and processing chambers. However, other plasma etch processesthat etch a compatible layer and remove previously deposited residuesare possible. The process is applicable to other types of etch chambersas would be apparent to one of ordinary skill. For example, the processcan be applied, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in theart, to treat metal etch chambers, oxide etch chambers or other chambersand substrate layers where a compatible layer is etched while alsoremoving deposits from a previously processed substrate. Therefore, thespirit and scope of the appended claims should not be limited to thedescriptions and embodiments contained herein.

We claim:
 1. A method of etching films comprising: (a) loading asubstrate having an exposed layer into an etch reactor having depositsformed therein during an etch process conducted on another substrate;(b) conducting another etch process on the loaded substrate that removessaid exposed layer and said deposits; and (c) conducting said an etchprocess on the loaded substrate.
 2. The method according to claim 1wherein said an etch process is a plasma etch process.
 3. The methodaccording to claim 1 wherein said another etch process is a plasma etchprocess.
 4. The method according to claim 2 wherein said exposedcompatible layer comprises silicon nitride.
 5. The method according toclaim 2 wherein said an etch process is a trench etch process.
 6. Themethod according to claim 2 wherein said an etch process removes aportion of the substrate.
 7. The method according to claim 6 whereinsaid removed portion of said substrate forms a trench.
 8. A method ofetching a trench in a silicon substrate and cleaning a reactorcomprising: (a) loading a silicon substrate into an etch reactor havingdeposits from another silicon substrate formed therein, said substratehaving at least one layer of material formed thereon; (b) conducting afirst etch operation that removes a portion of said at least one layerof material and the deposits; and (c) conducting a second etch operationthat removes a portion of said silicon substrate and forms deposits insaid etch reactor.
 9. The method of claim 8 wherein said at least onelayer of material comprises silicon nitride.
 10. A method according toclaim 8 wherein the gas composition of said first etch operationcomprises a fluorine containing compound and a bromine containingcompound.
 11. A method according to claim 10 wherein said fluorinecontaining compound is SF₆.
 12. A method according to claim 10 whereinsaid bromine containing compound is HBr.
 13. A method according to claim8 wherein said removed portion of said silicon substrate forms a trenchhaving an aspect ratio of about or greater than 20:1.
 14. A methodaccording to claim 8 wherein said removed portion of said siliconsubstrate forms a trench having a diameter of between about 0.1 μm and0.3 μm.
 15. A method according to claim 8 wherein said second etchoperation uses a source gas comprising a halogen containing compound andoxygen.
 16. A method according to claim 15 wherein said halogencontaining compound is HBr.
 17. A method according to claim 8 whereinsaid second etch operation uses a plasma source gas comprising afluorine containing compound and oxygen to remove a portion of thesilicon substrate near the surface of said substrate.
 18. A methodaccording to claim 8 wherein said second etch operation uses a sourcegas which includes at least three reactive gases which include at leastone fluorine-containing compound which does not contain silicon, atleast one silicon-containing compound and oxygen.
 19. A method accordingto claim 18 wherein the volumetric ratio of said at least onefluorine-containing compound which does not contain silicon to said atleast one silicon-containing compound ranges from about 100:1 to about1:10.
 20. A method according to claim 18 wherein said second etchoperation uses an etch source gas which includes at least three reactivegases which include at least one fluorine-containing compound which doesnot contain silicon, at least one silicon-containing compound and oxygento form a portion of a deep trench furthest from the surface of thesubstrate.
 21. A method according to claim 18 wherein saidsilicon-containing compound is selected from the group consisting ofSiF₄, Si₂F₆, SiHF₃, SiH₂F₂, SiH₃F, Si₂OF₆, SiCl₂F₂, SiCIF₃, andcombinations thereof.
 22. A method according to claim 18 wherein saidsilicon-containing compound does not contain fluorine and is selectedfrom the group consisting of SiBr₄, SiHBr₃, SiH₂Br₂, SiH₃Br, SiCl₄,SiHCl₃, SiH₂Cl₂, SH₃Cl, Si₂Cl₆, SiH₄, Si₂H₆, Si₃H₈, Si₄H₁₀, SiHI₂,SiH₂I, C₄H₁₂Si, Si(C₂H₃O₂)₄, and combinations thereof.
 23. A methodaccording to claim 18 wherein said fluorine-containing compound whichdoes not contain silicon is selected from the group consisting of F₂O,F₂O₂, NF₃, NOF, NO₂F, SF₆, SF₄, S₂F₂, S₂F₁₀, CF₄, CH₂F₂, CHF₃, CH₃F, andcombinations thereof.
 24. A method for plasma etching a trench in asilicon substrate comprising: (a) placing a first silicon substrate intoa plasma etch processing chamber having deposits formed within saidchamber from plasma etch processes conducted on a substrate prior tosaid first substrate, said first silicon substrate having a plurality offilm layers comprising a patterning mask oxide layer, a hard mask layerand a pad oxide layer wherein said pad oxide layer is adjacent to saidsubstrate and said hard mask layer is disposed between said pad oxidelayer and said patterning mask oxide layer and a portion of saidpatterning mask oxide layer has been removed to expose a portion of saidhard mask layer; (b) conducting a plasma etch process within saidprocessing chamber that exposes a portion of the silicon substrate andremoves the deposits formed from the plasma etch processes conducted ona substrate prior to said first substrate; (c) conducting a plasma etchprocess that removes a portion of the first silicon substrate and formsdeposits within said processing chamber; (d) removing said first siliconsubstrate from said processing chamber; and (e) without performing acleaning operation, loading into said plasma etch processing chamber asecond silicon substrate having a plurality of film layers comprising apatterning mask oxide layer, a hard mask layer and a pad oxide layerwherein said pad oxide layer is adjacent to said substrate and said hardmask layer is disposed between said pad oxide layer and said patterningmask oxide layer and a portion of said patterning mask oxide layer hasbeen removed to expose a portion of said hard mask layer.
 25. A methodaccording to claim 24 wherein said plasma etch process conducted toexpose a portion of the silicon substrate utilizes a plasma source gascomprising a fluorine containing compound and bromine containingcompound.
 26. A method according to claim 25 wherein said fluorinecontaining compound is SF₆.
 27. A method according to claim 25 whereinsaid bromine containing compound is HBr.
 28. A method according to claim24 wherein said plasma etch process that removes a portion of the firstsilicon substrate and forms deposits within said processing chamber usesa plasma source gas which includes at least three reactive gases whichinclude at least one fluorine-containing compound which does not containsilicon, at least one silicon-containing compound and oxygen.
 29. Amethod according to claim 28 wherein said silicon-containing compound isselected from the group consisting of SiF₄, Si₂F₆, SiHF₃, SiH₂F₂, SiH₃F,Si₂OF₆, SiCl₂F₂, SiClF₃, and combinations thereof.
 30. A methodaccording to claim 28 wherein said silicon-containing compound does notcontain fluorine and is selected from the group consisting of SiBr₄,SiHBr₃, SiH₂Br₂, SiH₃Br, SiCl₄, SiHCl₃, SiH₂Cl₂, SiH₃Cl, Si₂Cl₆, SiH₄,Si₂H₆, Si₃H₈, Si₄H₁₀, SiHI₂, SiH₂I, C₄H₁₂Si, Si(C₂H₃O₂)₄, andcombinations thereof.
 31. A method according to claim 28 wherein saidfluorine-containing compound which does not contain silicon is selectedfrom the group consisting of F₂O, F₂O₂, NF₃, NOF, NO₂F, SF₆, SF₄, S₂F₂,S₂F₁₀, CF₄, CH₂F₂, CHF₃, CH₃F, and combinations thereof.
 32. A methodaccording to claim 24 wherein said step of conducting a plasma etchprocess that removes a portion of the first silicon substrate is used toremove a portion of a deep trench that is furthest from the surface ofthe substrate.
 33. A method of etching substrates comprising: (a)loading a substrate having at least two layers formed thereon into afirst etch reactor and conducting an etch process to remove a portion ofsaid at least two layers to expose a portion of a layer; (b) loadingsaid substrate having a portion of a layer exposed into a second etchreactor, said second reactor having deposits formed therein from anothersubstrate; (c) conducting a first etch process in said second etchreactor on said substrate having a portion of a layer exposed thatremoves a portion of said exposed layer and said deposits; (d)conducting a second etch process in said second etch reactor thatremoves a portion of the silicon substrate and forms deposits insidesaid second etch reactor; and (e) without removing said deposits formedby said second etch operation, loading into said second etch reactor asecond substrate having a portion of a layer exposed.
 34. A methodaccording to claim 33 wherein substrates processed within said firstetch reactor are transferred to said second etch reactor under vacuum.35. A method according to claim 33 wherein said first reactor is amagnetically enhanced reactive ion etch reactor and said second reactoris a high density plasma etch reactor.
 36. A computer readable storagemedium having program code embodied therein, said program code forcontrolling a semiconductor wafer processing system, wherein saidsemiconductor processing system includes a chamber having depositsformed therein, a power supply, and a gas supply wherein said programcode controls the semiconductor processing system to process a waferhaving a layer of material thereon in the chamber in accordance with thefollowing: (a) flowing a first gaseous composition from said gas supplyinto said chamber; (b) providing energy to said chamber to form a plasmafrom said first gaseous composition introduced into said chamber toremove said layer of material on said substrate and said deposits; (c)flowing a second gaseous composition from said gas supply into saidchamber; and (d) providing energy to said chamber to form a plasma ofsaid second gaseous composition to remove a portion of the substrate andform deposits in said processing chamber.
 37. An apparatus forprocessing a semiconductor wafer in a processing chamber, said chamberhaving deposits formed therein, comprising: a gas panel coupled to saidprocessing chamber; an antenna proximate to said processing chamber apower supply coupled to said antenna; and a controller, coupled to saidantenna and said gas panel, said controller containing a computerreadable storage medium having program code embodied therein, saidprogram code for controlling the apparatus in accordance with thefollowing: (a) loading into the processing chamber a substrate having amaterial deposited thereon; (b) flowing from the gas panel to theprocessing chamber a first gaseous composition; (c) controlling saidpower supply to provide energy to said antenna thereby providing energyto said chamber to form a first plasma from said first gaseouscomposition introduced into said chamber so that said first plasmaremoves said layer formed on said substrate and said deposits; (d)flowing from the gas panel to the processing chamber a second gaseouscomposition; and (e) controlling said power supply to provide energy tosaid antenna thereby providing energy to said chamber to form a secondplasma from said second gaseous composition introduced into said chamberso that said second plasma removes a portion of said substrate and formsdeposits in said processing chamber.